1.
biased: systematically favors certain outcomes
2.
blinding: method used to ensure individual and/or experimenter don't know who receives treatments
3.
block: design in which random assignment of treatments is carried out within similar groups of individuals
4.
causation: in principle, experiments can give good evidence for this
5.
census: collects information from every individual in the group
6.
chance: the use of _____ is an essential principle of statistical sampling
7.
control: the overall effort to minimize variability in the way the experimental units are obtained and treated
8.
convenience: type of sampling that chooses individuals in easiest manner possible
9.
design: method used to choose the sample from the population
10.
experiment: deliberately imposes a treatment on individuals to observe responses
11.
factor: another name for an explanatory variable in an experiment
12.
fisher: the "father of statistics"
13.
matched pairs design: design in which treatments are randomly assigned between two similar individuals or to the same individual as in pre/post fashion
14.
nonresponse: individual chosen for a sample can't be reached or does not cooperate
15.
observational: type of study that does not attempt to influence response
16.
placebo: dummy treatment used in experiments
17.
population: entire group of individuals that we want information about
18.
random: a table of _____ digits can be used to select samples
19.
randomization: the rule of statistics used to assign the experimental units to the treatments
20.
realism: lack of ____ is a serious potential weakness of experiments
21.
replication: "using enough subjects to reduce chance variation", a principle of statistical design
22.
sample: representative subset of a population
23.
sampling: studying a part in order to gain information about the whole
24.
significant significant: an observed effect so large it would rarely occur
25.
simple random sample: design in which all individuals are equally likely to be chosen
26.
simulation: alternative to imposing a treatment when it may be too dangerous time consuming or expensive
27.
stratified: random sample chosen after dividing population into groups
28.
units: individuals on which an experiment is done
29.
voluntary response sample: consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal