| Term | Definition |
|---|
| arch | a curved structural member thaat spans the opening and is generally composed of voussoirs that transmit the downward pressure laterally |
| roundel | a circular painting or relief sculpture |
| barrel vault | semicylindrical in cross-section, is in effect a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space |
| groin vault | formed at the point at which 2 barrel vaults intersect at right angles |
| rib vault | a framework of ribs or arches under the intersections of the vaulting sections |
| basilica | a civid building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan with an entrance on the long side |
| coffer | a sunked panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling |
| drum | one of the stacked cylindrical stones that form the shaft of a column; the cylindrical wall that supports a dome |
| arcade | a series of arches supported by piers or columns |
| atmospheric perspective | creates the illusion of distance by the greater diminution of color intensity, the shift in color toward almost neutral blue, and the blurring of contours as the intended distance between the eye and object increases |
| imagines | wax portraits of ancestors |
| portrait bust | a sculpture of a man or woman's head and shoulders, usually done for wealthy people |
| equestrian statue | a large sculpture, usually of a man, astride a horse |
| concrete | building material invented by the Romans and consisting of various proportions of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water, and small stones |
| aquaducts | artificial channels that were constructed to convey water from one location to another |
| verism | true to natural appearance |
| triumphal arch | a freestanding arch commemorating an important event |
| niche | a small cove in the wall of a building, usually semicircular, where a statue may be placed |
| oculus | the round central opening of a dome |
| Pompeii | a city perserved by volcanic ash |
| tumulus | burial mound; in Etruscan architecture, tumuli cover one or more subterranean multichambered tombs cut out of the local tufa |
| illusionism | a technique of using pictorial methods in order to deceive the eye |
| first style mural | the earliest style of Roman mural painting. also called the masonry style, because the aim was to imitate, using painted stucco relief, the appearance of costly marble panels |
| second style mural | the style of Roman mural painting in which the aim was to dissolve the confining walls of a room and replace them with the illusion of a d# world constructed in the artist's imaination |
| third style mural | style in which delicate linear fantasies were sketched on predominantly monochromatic backgrounds |
| fourth style mural | marks a return to architectural illusionism, but the architectural vistas are irrational fantasies |
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