| Term | Definition |
|---|
| federalism | a system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government |
| division of powers | basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis |
| delegated powers | those powers, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government by the Constitution |
| expressed powers | those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution; also called the "enumerated powers" |
| implied powers | those delegated powers of the National government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers |
| inherent powers | Powers the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community |
| reserved powers | those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not, at the same time, deny to the States |
| exclusive powers | those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone |
| concurrent powers | those powers that both the national Government and the States possess and exercise |
| enabling act | a congressional act directing the people of a United States territory to frame a proposed State constitution as a step towards admissions to the Union |
| act of admissions | a congressional act admitting a new State to the Union |
| grants-in-aid program | grants of federal money or other resources to State, cities, counties, and other local units |
| block grants | one type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy |
| interstate compacts | formal agreement entered into the consent of Congress, between or among States, or between a State and a foreign state |
| full faith and credit | Constitution's requirement that each State accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State |
| extradiction | the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that state |
| division of powers | this was implied in the original Constitution and then spelled out in the Bill of Rights |
| New Jersey | ___ and Oregon, the law forbids motorists to pump their own gas |
| North Dakota | state that does not require voters to register in order to cast their ballots |
| Nebraska | state that has a unicameral legislature |
| Oregon | only state that has legalized physician-assisted suicide |
| Supremacy Clause | "linchpin of the Constitution", the Constitution stand above all other forms of law in the United States |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | land mark case that made it impossible to overstate the significance of the Court's function as the umpire of the federal system |
| federalism | provides for two basic levels of government (a dual government) |
| expressed powers | include the power to lay and collect taxes, to coin money, to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, to raise and maintain armed forces, to declare war, to fix standards of weights and measures, to grant patents and copyrights, and to do many other things |
| implied powers | allow for the regulation of labor management relations, the building of hydroelectric power dams, and the building of the 42,000-mile interstate highway system. It has made federal crimes of such acts as moving stolen goods, gambling devices, and kidnapped persons across state lines. |
| inherent powers | include the power to regulate immigration, to deport aliens, to acquire territory, to grant diplomatic recognition to other states, and to protect the nation against rebellion or other attempts to overthrow the government by force or violence. |
| division of powers | dual system of government; government to operate simultaneously |
| denied powers | powers that the government cannot do; powers are expressely, silently, or inherently denied |
| exclusive powers | states cannot exercise these powers under any circumstances |
| local government | Purpose - provide services, regulate activities; carry out a lot of the power of the states |
| grants-in-aid | when the federal government grants money and resources to that states so that the states can continue on with their daily functions |
| revenue sharing | a sharing of the taxes; 'Lulu Payments' |
| catagorical grants | funds can only be used for that particular project |
| block grants | more broadly defined purposes, fewer strings attached; local governments have more in the say |
| Privileges and immunities | states cannot make distinctions between their own residents and residents of another state; buy, rent, own, or sell property from all 50 states |
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