Soc. Ch. 4 & 5
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 social interaction | process by which individuals act toward and react to others |
| social interaction | people act and then someone reacts |
| supportive interaction | treating others as supporters or friends |
| exchange | interaction in which 2 individuals offer each other something in order to obtain a reward in return |
| example of exchange | rake leaves for neighbors and they reward you with anything (favorable, doesn't have to be money) |
| social exchanges | governed by the norm of reciprosity (reciprocate) which requires that people help those that have helped then |
| example of social exchange | when you stop to get directions if your lost (do it because you know how it feels to be in their shoes) |
| reciprosity | "can you do me a favor" and "I owe you" |
| cooperation | interaction in which 2 or more individuals work together to achieve a common goal |
| 4 different types of cooperation | traditional, spontaneous, directive, contractual |
| traditional cooperation | neighbors get together for a barn raising |
| traditional | agracultural, omish, menaknights |
| spontaneous cooperation | neighbors help family after a tragedy (loan, borrow, give, help) |
| oppositional interaction | treating others as competitors or enemies |
| 2 types of oppositional interaction | competition and conflict |
| competition | interaction in which 2 indiv. follow mutually excepted rules, each trying to achieve the same goal before the other does |
| example of competition | sports have a set of rules of competition |
| conflict | interaction in which 2 indiv. disregaurd any rules, each trying to achieve his/her own goal by defeating the other |
| example of conflict | boxing ring, competing with no rules or common goal |
| symbolic interaction | in which people actively interpert each others actions and reactions and behave according to they're interpertation |
| example of symbolic interaction | people joking, passing back insults-their not assholes but people on outside think they are |
| without symbolic communication humans would have to what? | interact like other animals |
| symbolic communication is what? | the essence of human interaction |
| 2 types of symbolic interaction | verbal and nonverbal communication |
| verbal communication | words may mean whatever a group of humans have agreed what its supposed to mean and words are socially constructed b/c they're meanings are determined by people through their experiences as members of a specific society |
| we can use words or combos of words to what? | to communication an infant number of messages and images including abstract thoughts, such as; good and evil beauty and comfort |
| example of combos and words | what is love? it is very difficult to express |
| other animals are what? | incapable of this level of communication |
| 2 types of nonverbal communication | kinesics and proxemics |
| kinesics | body language to communicate |
| example of kinesics | smile, body movement, frown |
| proxemics | use of space to communicate |
| example of proxemics | holding hands, distance from strangers, personal space |
| all forms of communication are | conducted differently in different societies |
| different forms of communication | waving hello in america, tabet sticking tongue out to say hello |
| interaction ritual | performance of normal everyday acts that show respect for others |
| example of interaction ritual | sneeze you say thank you and moms teach kids to not stair |
| apology | face saving tactic used to sustain a social interaction, after you have offended somebody |
| humurology | study or practice of humor |
| social construction of reality | process where people create through social interaction, a certain idea, feeling, or belief about their enviornment |
| example of social construction of reality | optomist and pesismits |
| thomas theroum | if people define situations as real, they will act as if its real or do something to make it real |
| self-fufiling prohecy | when a person says they cant do something, then they can't |
| genderlects | lengwestic styles that reflect the different worlds of women and men |
| when the 2 sexes communicate with each other | women tend to use the language of connection and intemiacy while men use the language of status and independence |
| dramaturgy | method of analyzing social interaction as if the participants were performing on a stage, this envolves, presenting the self to the other person |
| example of dramaturgy | talking to friends or having a job interview, asked the same questions, but you respond to them differently |
| generally, we try to do what? | display the positive aspects of ourself and conceal the negatives |
| role distance | seperation of our role playing as an outward performance from our innerself |
| example of role distance | hate your job but your boss asks you to do something so you say yes and smile |
| thus we may outwardly appear to be friends with someone | when we inwardly we dispis them |
| social groups | collection of people who interact with one another and have a certain feeling of unity |
| 2 different types of social groups | primary and secondary |
| primary group | individuals act informally, relate to people as whole persons, enjoy the realationship for its own sake |
| example of primary group | friends, family, coworkers |
| secondary group | individuals act formally, relate to each other as players of particular roles and expect to gain something |
| example of secondary group | employe and boss, church friends |
| in group | group to which an individual is strongly tied as a member |
| 3 characteristics | of in group |
| symbols such a names, slogans, dress, badges to identify themselves so they will be distinguisable from the group | gangs with gang signs or wearing badges, the army, or sports wear |
| those people in the group view themselves in terms of positive sterotypes and the out group in negative sterotypes | fan group destorying fan or other team |
| the in group is incuired to complete or w/ the outgroup | in groups can become reference groups |
| reference groups | they're used as a frame of reference for evaluating ones behavior we compare ourselves with the reference group for evaluation process |
| outgroup | the group you are not a member of |
| group think | the tendency for members of a cohesive group to maintain consensece to the extend of ignoring the trust |
| the greater the disagrement among group members, the better the collective decision is and the more diverse the group is the better the chances of achieving the goals | having different views will show different ideas |
| dyad | smallest and most cohesive group consisting of 2 people and as a group gets bigger its less cohesive |
| triad | group of 3 |
| social networks | social relationships that link indiviudal groups to one another |
| example of social networks | sorrity and frats "greek life" |
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