| Term | Definition |
| community | the populations of plants, animals (including humans) and other living organisms that live and interact in an area |
| Ecosystem | the interaction among living organisms and their nonliving surroundings |
| biosphere | the sum total of all living organisms on earth |
| sunshine | the only energy source that can sustain humans and other species in a biosphere |
| phytoplankton | single-celled algae essential to the health of ocean ecosystems |
| lithosphere | the rocky, mineral part the earth |
| atmosphere | the thin layer of gases that extends above the earth's surface |
| hydrosphere | all of the water on earth - oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, etc. |
| ecosphere | sum total of all four the earth's spheres |