biology chapter 3:transport across plasma membrane
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 internal environment | all materials within the plasma membrane of a cell. |
| external environment | environment surrounding a cell. |
| transport proteins | membrane proteins that form a channel allowing some substances to move through the membrane. |
| plasma membrane | the outermost barrier of a cell separating the cytoplasm from other cells and its environment. |
| differentially permeable | describes a membrane that allows some substances to pass through, but not others. |
| receptor proteins | membrane proteins that cause changes in cell activities after binding to signalling molecules. |
| passive transport | movement of materials without without requiring energy. |
| diffusion | movement of particles from a region where they are at a relatively high concentration to a region where they are at a lower concentration. |
| facilitated diffusion | when proteins in a cell membrane help particles diffuse through. |
| osmosis | the net movement of a solvent, usually water, across a semi permeable membrane from a weak solution to a strong solution. |
| solute | a substance that can be dissolved in another substance. |
| solvent | a substance in which other substances can be dissolved, the most common being water. |
| hypotonic | describes a solution with a lower solute concentration compared with another solution. |
| hypertonic | describes a solution with a higher solute concentration compared with another substance. |
| isotonic | describes a fluid with an equal concentration to another fluid; water can diffuse equally in both directions. |
| turgor pressure | rigid of firm state of plant cells caused by the outwards pressure of water within the cells. |
| carrier protein | membrane proteins that pick up particles on one side of a membrane, change shape and release them on the other side. |
| channel protein | proteins that form passage ways in membranes through which small ions can diffuse rapidly. |
| active transport | a process in which energy is used to move particles through a membrane against a concentration gradient. |
| exocytosis | cellular release of substances to the environment via vesicle formation. |
| endocytosis | cellular uptake of substances from the environment via vesicle formation. |
| phagocytosis | a process when larger particles, mainly solids, enter a cell by being engulfed by its plasma membrane, forming vesicles, which move into the cytoplasm. |
| pinocytosis | a process by which drops of fluid enter a cell by being engulfed by the plasma membrane, forming vesicles which move into the cytoplasm. |
| cell division | splitting of cells to form new cells. |
| mitosis | cell division by which two identical cells are produced. |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division. |
| binary fission | division of a prokaryotic cell where one cell splits into two. |
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