AP Psych: Summer Textbook Prologue Notes
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Created by:
austinlarkin2013 on August 14, 2012
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wilhelm Wundt | Established first psychology laboratory, 1879, created apparatus that measured reaction time. Focused on inner sensations, images, and feelings. |
| Edward Bradford Titchener | Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements. Focused on inner sensations, images, and feelings. |
| William James | Legendary teach writer, functionalist. . Encouraged explorations of down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and streams of consciousness. Engaged in introspective examination of emotions. Introduced and mentored Mary Whiton Calkins. |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | Distinguished memory researcher and the American Psychological Association's first female president. |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to recieve psychology Ph.D, wrote The Animal Mind. |
| Principles of Psychology | First textbook of psychology, written by William James. |
| Behaviorism | The view the psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. |
| Humanistic Psychology | Historically significant perspective. Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. |
| John B. Watson | Championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby named "Little Albert" |
| B.F. Skinner | A leading behaviorist, rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior |
| Sigmund Freud | Controversial ideas of framed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding |
| Charles Darwin | argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | Inter-disciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
| Psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes |
| Nature-Nurture Issue | The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. |
| Three Main Levels of Analysis | Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural |
| Biopsychosocial Approach | Factors in all three levels of analysis |
| Neuroscience | How the body and brain ensable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
| Evolutionary | How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes |
| Behavior genetics | How our genes and our enviornment influence our individual differences |
| Psychodynamic | How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
| Behavioral | How we learn from observable responses |
| Cognitive | How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
| Social-cultural | How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures |
| Basic Research | Pure science that aims to increase te scientific knowledge base |
| Applied Research | Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| Counseling psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living |
| Clinical Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| Psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders |
| Positive Psychology | The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues |
| Community Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups |
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