science vocab 9 and 10!
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Created by:
auburnchick on October 21, 2009
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quiz on this Friday, October 23!!
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 vaccine | substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introdeced into a body to produce immiunity |
| virulent | referring to the deadliness of a disease-causing agent |
| transformation | the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another; first observed by Griffith |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| double helix | spiral-staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule |
| nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acids; consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| deoxyribose | five-carbon that is a component od DNA nucleotides |
| base-pairing rules | the rule stating that in DNA adenine on the strand always pairs with thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand |
| complementary | characterisic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other |
| DNA replication | the process of making a copy of DNA |
| DNA helicase | enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases during DNA replication |
| replication fork | a Y-shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA separates so that it can be copied |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA by adding complementary nucleotides |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis |
| uracil | nitrogen-containing base of RNA, complementary to adenine when RNA base pairs with DNA |
| transcription | stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein is transferred to an RNA molecule |
| gene expression | two-stage processing of information encoded in DNA to produce protein |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription |
| messenger RNA | RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for the making of a protein during translation |
| codon | a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal |
| genetic code | sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
| transfer RNA | RNA moleule that temporarily carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation |
| anticodon | a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that recognizes a complementary codon on mRNA |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes |
| operator | region of DNA that contols RNA polymerase's acess to a set of genes with related functions |
| operon | segment of DNA that controls gene regulation in a set of genes with related functions in prokaryoyes |
| lac operon | gene system with a promoter; an operator gene, and three structural genes that control lactose metabolism |
| repressor | protein that binds to the operator in an operon to switch off transcription |
| intron | segment of mRNA transcribed from eukaryotic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein |
| exon | sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated |
| point mutation | mutation in which one or just a few of nucleotides in a gene are exchanged |
| translation | stage of gene expression in which the gene information in mRNA is used to make protein |
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