| Term | Definition |
| Prime Meridian | An imaginary line that divides the earth into Western and Eastern hemispheres |
| Hemisphere | Half of the earth |
| Equator | An imaginary line that divides the earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres. |
| Physical Characteristic | Geographic features that were not made by humans, but occur naturally in the landscape. |
| Mountain Range | A row of connected mounatains |
| Plain | A low-lying stretch of flat land |
| Coastal Plain | Low land that lies along an ocean |
| Plateau | Flat land with high elevation |
| Basin | Low area surrounded by higher land |
| Valley | A low piece of land between two hills or mountains |
| Canyon | A deep, narrow valley with steep sides |
| Desert | A dry region that receives little rain |
| Gulf | Part of an ocean that cuts into a mass of land |
| River System | A river and the smaller streams and rivers that flow into it |
| Human Characteristic | Geographic features that were made by humans |
| Elevation | The height of an area above sea level |
| Climate | Weather over a long period of time |
| Precipitation | Water that falls to the ground as rain, sleet, hail, or snow |
| Population | The number of people living in an area |
| Population Density | The number of people living in a measured area (usually per square mile). |
| Metropolitan Area | A large city and the surrounding towns |
| Region | An area with one or more common characteristic or feature |