| Term | Definition |
| Behavior | observable and measurable actions of people and animals |
| Innate | having from birth; occuring naturally rather than being learned |
| Instinct | a natural tendency to behave or react in a particular way, without thinking and without having been taught |
| Reflex | an automatic response to a stimulus |
| Flight or Fight | process by which the body prepares to deal with a stressor |
| Dominance Hierarchy | A linear "pecking order" of animals, where position dictates characteristic social behaviors. |
| Circadian Rhythm | innate behavior based on the 24-hour cycle of the day; light regulated; may determine when an animal sleeps and wakes |
| Migration | When organisms move from one habitat to another to find food or shelter. |
| Hibernation | a long period of rest or inactivity by an animal, usually in the winter, to conserve energy |
| Estivation | period of inactivity during hot, dry summer months |
| Habituation | the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus |
| Imprinting | the process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period |
| Motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal |
| Classical Conditioning | learning process in which an animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment |