Persians and Greeks
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110 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 peloponnesian war | struggle for survival between athenian and spartan alliance; athenians used navy to avoid land attacks |
| greeks and persians spoke: | indo-euro |
| herodotus | greek historian |
| iran's mineral resources | copper, tin, iron, gold, and silver |
| medes | 1st to achieve complex political organization |
| cyrus | median prince; son of persian chieftain and medes princess; united persian tribes to overthrow the median monarch |
| magi | priests; sacrificed |
| cambyses | son of cyrus; cruel |
| darius I | cambyses's successor; exteded persia; maritime routes |
| satrap | governor; connections with royal family |
| susa | administrative center |
| paradayadam | walled enclosure; paradise |
| persepolis | capital of persian empire; text showing records |
| ahramazda | god that made Darius king |
| aoroastrianism | religion of darius and successors; good/heaven/water, bad/hell/fire |
| angra mainyu | hostile spirit |
| greeks: no large rivers soo.. | rainfall |
| greeks: farmers planted | wheat, barley, olives, grapes |
| greeks: animals grazing in hills | sheep and goats |
| greeks: north had more rain so farmers raised | cattle and horses |
| greeks: lacked these resources | timber, iron, copper, and tin |
| greeks: isolation ended when | phoenicians visited the agaen |
| greeks: these drew the greeks to the sea | resources |
| greeks: greeks: phoenician scholars inaugurated the | archaic period |
| greeks: greek ships | trade, raw materials, farmland |
| greeks: phoenician contribution | phonics |
| greeks: vowels | phoenician symbols |
| greeks: alphabet was better than | cuneiform and hieroglyphics |
| greeks: phonics produced | courtroom oratory, dialogues, theatrical drama |
| greeks: population increase | farming |
| greeks: greek polis | urban center and rural territory |
| acropolis | refuge in emergencies; on top of hill |
| greeks: agora | gathering place |
| greeks: war waged by | hoplites who were infantrymen |
| hoplite clothing | helmet, breast plate, leg guards, round shield, sword |
| greek states defense | armies of citizens |
| greeks: excess people sent to | establish colonies |
| greeks: sent away, why? | escaping poverty or punishment |
| greeks: people already living there | driven away or mixed |
| hellenes vs. barbari | hellens were greek colonists, barbari were foreigners |
| greeks: use of coins | money, silver, gold, bronze, rapid exchange, economic growth |
| greeks: before coins | weighed metal |
| aristocrats vs. peasants | could run goverment |
| tyrant | seized and held power in violation |
| oligarchy vs. democracy | only wealthy could rule |
| greeks: religion | many |
| greeks: god gifts | sacrifices |
| persians: medes + persian | cyrus |
| persians: 3 classes | warrior, priest, peasant |
| persians: smelly camels | cyrus won by scaring |
| persians: son respect | cyrus had son crowned |
| persians: last ancient kingdom | egypt |
| persians: nepotism | cyrus family run government |
| persians: big empire | Darius I |
| persians: dig | Darius canals |
| persians: second founder | Darius |
| persians: tributes to Darius | precious metal tributes collected by satrap |
| persians: satrap | governers |
| persians: precious metals | became scarce |
| persians: travel | highway built across kingdom |
| persians: royal road | highway linking two cities |
| persians: women | paid less except pregnant or mothers |
| persians: law maker | Darius |
| persians: capital | Darius built ceremonial capital at persepolis |
| persia vs. greece: ionian revolt | great uprising of greeks and oter people (city-states)` |
| persia vs. greece: persian wars | two persian attacks on greece |
| persia vs. greece: xerses | persian king; Dariu's son |
| persia vs. greece: hellespont | narrow strait |
| persia vs. greece: hellenic league | failed to stop persians |
| persia vs. greece: salamis | greek city of persian defeat |
| persia vs. greece: platae | where persian army was routed |
| persia vs. greece: delian league | volunteer greek states; mandatory later |
| persia vs. greece: trireme | premier warship; tri for three levels of oars |
| persia vs. greece: piraeus | athen's port; economic |
| persia vs. greece: parthenon | majestic temple of athena |
| persia vs. greece: sophists | traveling teachers; clever |
| persia vs. greece: socrates | philosopher; knew nothing |
| persia vs. greece: socrates poison | hemlock |
| persia vs. greece: philosophy | lover of wisdom |
| persia vs. greece: plato | disciple of socrates; literate; academy founder; first person dialogues |
| persia vs. greece: aristotle | philosopher; founded lyceum; taught alexander the great because of king phillip II |
| slaves: population | 1/3 |
| slaves: average family owned | one or more |
| slaves: jobs | ran shop; worked on farms |
| women: sparta | strong and outspoken |
| women: athens | suppressed and used as slaves |
| marriage: relationships | father/daughter |
| peloponnesian war | athens vs. spartans |
| athenian leader | pericles |
| athen's strategies | sea lanes and provision |
| athen's defeat | loss morale and sparta's navy |
| spartan ships pay | persians |
| king's peace | treaty that greece was ceded to persia |
| persian loss/greek gain | rebellions in egypt, cyprus, and phoenicia |
| philip II | macedonia |
| philip battle tactics | longer spears, less armor, calvary, catapults |
| confederacy of corinth | controlling greece |
| philip assassination made Alexander | get revenge from xerxes invasion |
| Alexander defeated | persia under king Darius III |
| alexander kept/changed | traditions/rulers |
| alexander blended | high officials marry persians, admitted persians to army, incorporated persian dress and court |
| alexander: hellenistic age | controlled and influenced by greeks |
| seleucids | mesopotamia, syria, anatolia |
| ptolemies | egypt and sometimes cyria and palestine |
| antigonid | macedonian homeland and adjacent parts of northern greece |
| alexandria creation | alexander founded/created it |
| ptolemy marriage | queen cleopatra |
| alexander's body | stolen by the ptolemies and put on display at alexandria |
| ancient wonder | lighthouse at alexandria |
| cleopatra marriages | ptolemy XIII, ptolemy XIV, caesar. marc anthony |
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