| Term | Definition |
| Draco | Athenian lawgiver whose legal code was known for its harshness |
| Peisistratus | Athenian tyrant who created the festival of Dionysus |
| Cleisthenes | Athenian leader who established Athenian democracy |
| thetes | Athenian citizens who did not own any land |
| ostracism | Ten-year exile imposed on one man each year by vote of the Athenians |
| strategos | Only elected office in the Athenian democracy |
| Lycurgus | Spartan lawgiver who established the Spartan way of life known as the Good Rule |
| helots | Agricultural slaves of Sparta |
| Peloponnesian League | Allies of Sparta in the Peloponnesus |