| Term | Definition |
| imperial | relating to an emperor or an empire |
| Matteo Ricci | Jesuit Priest who made a positive impression on Ming China |
| Manchus | native Manchurians who ruled China during Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) and expanded China's Borders |
| Qing Dynasty | dynasty set up by the Manchus around the early 1600s |
| isolation | a state of separation between persons or groups |
| Jesuits | A group of missionaries who spread Catholic ideas across Europe, Asia and the "new world" |
| Qianlong | Kangxi's grandson who expanded China's borders to rule the largest area in the nation's history |
| kowtow | a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission |
| Lord Macartney | British diplomat who insisted on trading with the Chinese but failed |
| allegiance | loyalty or devotion to a person or cause |
| Nagasaki Harbor | Japan allowed one or two Dutch ships each year to trade here so they could be informed about world events |
| Francis Xavier | Jesuit priest who brought Christianity to Asia |
| daimyo | a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai |
| Edo | present day Toyko |
| Kangxi | The first emperor (1661) of the Qing Dynasty who ruled for 60 years |
| Korea | Japan invaded this country two times, which left it in ruins |
| Japan | barred all European contact and isolated for more than 200 years |
| Dutch | Japan allowed one or two ships a year at Nagasaki Harbor with these Europeans |