| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mechanized Cotton Farming | Less work for Southern Farmer (both races) left countryside for the city |
| Thurgood Marshall | NAACP's leading attorney, argued Brown case, Future 1st black Supreme Court Justice |
| Overturning Plessy | Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Marshall attacked the Plessy doctrine itself, separate never equal, 9-0 decision against segregation |
| Delgado v Bastrop (segregated schools) | '47 Texas ct ruled to end latino segregation past 1st grade (served as precedent for Brown '54) argued by Gus Garcia |
| Hernandez v Texas & desegregation | Hernandez convicted of murder, went to supreme ct under 14th amdmt equal protection clause, case established Latinos as distinct class of people (previously they had been legally white) |
| Rosa Parks | Refused to give up her seat to a white man in Montgomery Alabama |
| Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. | Leader of Montgomery Bus Boycott, Non Violent Direct action inspired by Ghandi, Leader of Nonviolent Civil Rights Movement |
| Freedom Riders Attacked | '61 CORE director James Farmer led group of Black & White ppl on a bus trip into heart of the South, Were assaulted & attacked, police did nothing, Attorney General Robert Kennedy attempted to stop w/ 400 fed marshals |
| James Meredith | black applicant to U of Mississippi, Kennedy sent feds to assist his entrance into school, riot broke out on campus 2 killed 375 wounded |
| "Letter from Birmingham Jail" | MLK arrested, wrote an "eloquent document of civil rights mvmt" defended Civil Disobedience |
| March on Washington | August '63 250,000 gathered @ Lincoln memorial (I have a Dream speech) |
| Tragedy in Dallas | JFK assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald |
| Civil Rights Act 1964 | LBJ barred discrimination in public places, outlawed discrimination for employment, protection for voting rights |
| Voting Rights Act 1965 | suspended literacy tests, Feds could supervise public elections, (5 yr period black registration from 35% - 65%) |
| Malcolm X | part of mvmt that questioned integration although personally he accepted it, emphasized black community action, militaristic |
| Black Panthers | Called Black Community to arm, used violence and pressed for segregation, even at its height never more than 2000 members nationwide |
| Discovering Poverty | Attn to poverty despite nations affluence LBJ War on Poverty |
| Liberal Tradition | Tame capitalism's excesses, pragmatic approach to reforming American society |
| Education Programs | Elementary & Secondary School Act (fed money for low income education), Project Head Start (nursery school aid) |
| Medicare & Medicaid | MediCARE for elderly only ; MediCAID for poor, no age requirement |
| HUD | Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Robert Weaver head (former president of NAACP) |
| Immigration Reform | Immigration Act of 1965, abolished National Origins system, no more Eurocentrism, Asians allowed freer entry to US |
| Environmental Reform | '64 National Wilderness Preservation System Act, 9.1 mil acres "forever wild" |
| Protecting Due Process | Gideon v Wainwright ('63 right to legal counsel), Escobedo v Illinois ('64 informed of charges) & Miranda v Arizona ('66 informed of rights upon arrest, Miranda Rights), |
| Banning School Prayer | Engel v Vitale ('62) banned school prayer under constitutional separation of church and state (worried conservative religious groups) |
| SDS & Port Huron | Students for a Democratic Society, meeting @ Port Huron, MI ('62) called for "participatory democracy" decentralized bureaucracy & emphasis on individual participation |
| Free Speech Movement | started at UC Berkeley when they did not let reform groups recruit on campus, 6000 students rebelled & overtook administration building, mvmt spread across the nation |
| Communes | Hippie communities that sought perfection along the fringe of society, sexual freedom, Drugs (LSD ect) opened mind, higher state of consciousness |
| Bob Dylan | Folk artist till '65 then shift to "folk-rock" featuring electric guitar |
| Soul Music | expressed black pride & seperatism "you've got to live with us or you dont have it" Diana Ross & The Supremes, The Temptations, Stevie Wonder "Motown Sound" |
| 1st Be-In | Jan '67 Allan Ginsberg (poet, on hand for spiritual guidance), Grateful Dead & Jefferson Airplane (acid rock bands performed), Diggers (free food & drink), Hell's Angels (police, maintained order) |
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