Anatomy Ch. 6
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Trabecula | A connective tissue partition that subdivides an organ |
| Ischium | One of three bones who fusion creates the coxa |
| External Acoustic Canal | Passageway in the temporal bone that leads to the tympanum |
| Forearm | Distal portion of the arm between the elbow and wrist |
| Cribriform Plate | Portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull that contains the foramnia used by the axons of the olfactory receptors en route to olfactory bulbs of the cerebrum |
| Estrogens | A class of steroid sex hormones that includes estradiol |
| Meniscus | A fibrocartilage pad between opposing surfaces in a joint |
| Carpus/Carpal | the wrist |
| Elevation | movement in a superior, or upward direction |
| Tendon | A collagenous band that connects skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton |
| Eversion | a turning outward |
| Periosteum | layer that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous and inner cellular region |
| Auditory ossicles | The bones of the inner ear: malleus, incus, and stapes |
| Coccyx | terminal portion of the spinal column, consisting of relatively tiny, fused vertebrae |
| Capitulum | A small, elevated articular process; used to refer to the rounded distal surface of the humerous that articulates |
| Osteoclast | a cell that dissolves the fibers and matrix of bone |
| Spinous Process | Prominent posterior projection of a vertebra, formed by the fusion of two laminae |
| Symphysis | A fibrous aphiarthrosis, such as that between adjacent vertebrae or between the pubic bones of the coxae |
| Arthritis | inflammation of a joint |
| Tubercle | A small localized elevation on a bony surface |
| Endochondral Ossification | The conversion of a cartilaginous model to bone; the characteristic mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones |
| Ilium | The largest of the three bones whose fusion creates a coxa |
| Os Coxae/ossa coxae | a bone of the hip; formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| Fracture | a break or crack in the bone |
| Pubic Symphysis | Fibrocartilaginous amphiarthrosis between the pubic bones of the ossa coxae |
| Dorsiflexion | Elevation of the superior surface of the foot |
| Osteocyte | a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone |
| Amphiarthrosis | an articulation that permits a small amount of movement |
| Abduction | movement away from the midline |
| Calcaneus | the heelbone, largest of the tarsal bones |
| Fossa | shallow depression or furrow in the surface of a bone |
| Glenoid fossa | rounded depression that forms the articular surface of the scalpula at the shoulder joint |
| Calcaneal tendon | large tendon the inserts on the calcaneus; tension on this tendon produces plantar flexion of the foot; also called the Achilles tendon |
| Coracoid Process | a hook-shaped process of the scalpula that projects above the anterior surface of the capsule of the shoulder joint |
| Pedicles | thick bony struts that connect the vertebral body with the articular and spinous processes |
| Sole | inferior surface of the foot |
| Calcitonin | hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high; restores homeostasis by increasing rate of bone deposition and renal rate of calcium loss at the kidneys |
| Marrow | tissue that fills internal cavities in bones; may be dominated by hemopoietic cells (red marrow) or adipose tissue (yellow marrow) |
| Pubis | the anterior, inferior component of the os coxae |
| Depression | inferior (downward) movement of a body part |
| epiphysis | head of a long bone |
| Metatarsal | one of the five bones of the foot that articulate with the tarsals (proximally) and the phalanges (distally) |
| Hard palate | the bony roof of the oral cavity, formed by maxillary and palantine bones |
| inversion | a turning inward |
| Tuberosity | a large, roughened elevation on a bony surface |
| Condyle | a rounded articular projection on the surface of the bone |
| Fontanel | a relatively soft, felxible, fibrous region between two flat bones in the developing skull |
| Flexion | movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of extension |
| Bursa | small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction |
| Supination | rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces anteriorly |
| Cancellous bone | spongy bone, composed of a network of bony struts |
| Phalanx/Phalanges | bone of the finger or toes |
| White blood cells | Leukocytes; the granulocytes and agranulocytes of the blood |
| Trunk | the thoracic and abdominopelvic regions |
| Osteon | basic histological unit of compact bone, consisting of osteocytes organized around a central canal and seperated by concentric lamellae |
| Appositional growth | enlargement of a bone by the addition of cartilarge or bony matrix at its surface |
| Circumduction | a movement at a synovial joint where the distal end of the bone describes a circle but the shaft does not rotate |
| Contractility | ability to contract, possesed by skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells |
| Joint capsule | dense collagen fiber fiber sleeve that surrounds a joint and provides protection and stabilization |
| Process | a projection or bump of the skeleton |
| Growth Hormone | anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates tissu egrowth and anabolism when nutrients are abundant and restricts tissue glucose dependence when nutrients are in short supply |
| Fibula | the lateral, relatively small leg bone |
| Sulcus | a groove or furrow |
| Vertebral Canal | Passageway that encloses the spinal cord, a tunnel bounded by vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae |
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