| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500) |
| Astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets |
| Prince Henry | Portuguese supporter of exploration |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428) |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer who sailed to the Caribbean trying to find a western route to Asia |
| Line of Demarcation | imaginary north to south line runnig down the middle of the atlantic and granted spain the west of the line and portugal the east |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |
| Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the british came and took over |
| Colonies | territories controlled by other countries |
| Amerigo Vespucci | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. The continents are named after him. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). Thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. |
| Mestizo | a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestry |
| New France | French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement in North America in present day Virginia. |
| Pilgrims | English settlers who sought religious freedom in the Americas |
| Puritans | a group of Anglicans in England who wanted to purify their church of Catholic ways |
| New Netherland | a Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers although the colony centered in New Amsterdam and it is present day New York. |
| French and Indian War | Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power. |
| King Philip's War | a conflict between New England conlonists and Native American Groups allied under leadership Wampanoag cheif Metacom |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade. |
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