Woven Fabric
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eloizky on August 19, 2012
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142 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bandanna | A cotton fabric with a printed design of white and a contrasting color |
| Barathea | A RIB WEAVE, usually done in a minute brick fashion, giving a pebbly appearance. A granular texture is achieved by the short broken weaves in the filing direction. Usually made of silk, worsted wool, synthetic fibers or a combination of these. |
| Bark Cloth | Fabric made from or created to simulate the bark of trees |
| Batiste | A fine, lightweight, soft, semi-sheer, smooth fabric. It is named for Jean Baptiste, a French linen weaver. Resembles nainsook, but is finer and ALMOST TRANSPARENT. |
| BATTING | Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts, or crafts |
| Beaded fabric | Fabric embroided with BEADS |
| Bengaline | A sturdy warp-faced fabric with pronounces cross-wise ribs formed by BULKY AND COARSE PILE yarns or rubber threads. It originated in Bengal, India. |
| Birdseye | It has a small geometric pattern with a center dot resembling a bird's eye. It is woven on a dobby loom, with heavier filling yarns that are loosely twisted to make the materials more absorbent. It is very soft, lightweight and absorbent, and woven with a loosely twisted filling to increase absorbency. |
| Boucle | It is the French word for "buckled" ringed or curled. The fabric was so named because it has a ring appearance, formed by drawn-out loop yarns on the face of the goods, thereby giving it a kinky appearance at intervals. |
| Bonded | 2 or more fabric layers held together with adhesive or a fusible layer |
| Bourette | A TWILL WEAVE that originated in France. The yarns are interspersed with nubs, giving the material a dull, nubbed surface effect. |
| Broadcloth | A tightly woven plain weave with a CROSSWISE RIB. It was originally a silk shirting fabric, so named because it was woven in widths excedding the usual 29". It is a dressy fabric and must be handled with care, form fitting and drapes well |
| Broadloom | Carpet woven on widths of 6,9,12,15,18 ft. |
| Brocade | A rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all-over interwoven design of raised FIGURES OF FLOWERS with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors, of which all are done in low relief. As compared to damask, the figures here are rather loose. French word meaning "to ornament" |
| Brocatelle | A tightly woven jacquard fabric with a WARP EFFECT in the figure, which is raised to give a puffed appearance. The PUFF EFFECT is created by several kinds of filings, a tension-weaving of a linen or nylon that shrinks after the heating process. |
| Buckram | A ply yarn SCRIM fabric with a STIFF finish. Usually used for interlinings in garments. It was named for Bokhara, in the southwest USSR where it was first made. |
| Burlap or Gunny | A plain weave coarse fabric usually made from Jute or hemp. Generally used for interior textiles, especially for wall hangings and a group of bright, homespun-effect draperies and wall coverings. |
| Calico | A plain, closely woven, inexpesive cloth. It is usually made in solid colors which are discharge or resist printed onto a whte or contrasting background. The colors are not always fast. In originated in Calcutta, india, and is one of the oldest cotton staples in the market. |
| Cambric | A soft, white, closely woven cotton fabric calendered on the right side to produce a slight gloss. Known to launder very well, has good body, sews and finishes well. It was originally made in Cambrai, France. |
| Canvass | Has an even weave that is heavy and firm. It is used for clothing but formerly much used for tents and sail. Mostly, a rugged, and heavy material |
| Challis | One of the softest fabrics made. It is very lightweight and usually is printed with a delicate floral pattern. It was named from the Anglo-Indian term SHALEE, meaning soft. |
| Chambray | A plain weave fabric with colored warp and white filing that gives a MOTTLED COLORED SURFACE. |
| Chenille | A fabric woven from Chenille yarns and has a fuzzy pile. French word "caterpillar |
| Chevron | Broken twill or HERRINGBONE weave giving a chevron effect, creating a design of wide V's across the width of the fabric. |
| Chiffon | A THIN, DIAPHANOUS, or GAUZELIKE, SOFT, FLIMSY FABRIC, but is strong despite its flimsy look. It wears very well and is very difficult to handle. French term for RAG |
| Chintz | A GLAZED cotton fabric often printed with BRIGHT FIGURES and LARGE FLOWER DESIGN. Some glazes wash out during laundering, but resin glaze will withstand washing or dry-cleaning. Hindu word meaning "spotted" |
| Corduroy | A cut pile with narrow to wide WALES that run in the warp direction of the goods. An extra set of filing yarns make the pile and the back is a plain twill weave. |
| Crepe | A lightweight fabric characterized by a CRINKY SURFACE produced by hand twist yarns, chemical treatment, weave, or embossing. It has very good wearing qualities and has a very slimming effect. |
| Crewel | CHAIN STITCH EMBROIDERY made with a fine, loosely twisted, two-ply wool yarn on a plain weave fabric. Done by hand, for most part, in the Kashmir province of India and in England. |
| Damask | A firm, glossy, jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and REVERSIBLE. Brought by Marco Polo from Damascus, during 13th century. It is a very durable fabric, launders well and holds a high luster. |
| Denim | A rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth recognized by left hand twill on the surface. Its name is derived from the French and was usually used for work clothes. |
| Dimity | A thin, sheer cloth in which cords or stripes may be woven into the fabric. It is very easy to manipulate and launders easily and well. Has a crisp texture which remains fairly well after washing. |
| Dotted Swiss | A sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color. Originated in Saint Galen, Switzerland, about 1750 |
| Duck | A closely woven, heavy material and the most durable fabric made, according to the textile industry. Heavier weights are called canvass |
| Faille | A ribbed cloth with a crosswise rib effect. It is soft and belongs to the GROSGRAIN FAMILY. |
| Felt | A compact matted woolen material. Derived from anglo-saxon word meaning "to filer". Usually made of wool or fur often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers. |
| Flame Stitch | Printed or woven fabric featuring a JAGGED, UNDULATING FLAME-LIKE, MULIT-COLORED PATTERN |
| Flannel | A fabric with a slight NAP on both sides |
| Foulard | A lightweight cloth noted for its soft finish and feel. It is made with twill weaves and usually printed with SMALL FIGURES on LIGHT or DARK backgrounds |
| Frieze | Generally made with UNCUT LOOPS but is sometimes styled by shearing the loops at VARYING HEIGHTS. Originated from Fries Land Holland. |
| Gabardine | It is a firm, durable, compactly woven cloth which shows A DIAGONAL LINE ON THE FACE of the goods. It is named for a cloak or mantle popular during the middle ages. Smooth on one side |
| Gauze | A thin sheer fabric constructed with plain, LENO or DOBBY weave, specifically used for curtains next to glass windows to diffuse light |
| Gingham | Has dyed yarns introduced at given intervals in both warp and filling to achieve a block or check effect. Name is derived form the Italian "Ging-gang" meaning "STRIPED" |
| Grenadine | A fine, loosely woven fabric in LENO WEAVE |
| Grosgrain | A strong, closely-woven corded fabric usually of silk or rayon and often with cotton fiber. It is a heavy, rather prominent, ribbed fabric made from plain or rib weaves |
| Jaspe | A fabric which has a series of FAINT STRIPES formed by light, medium or dark yarns. |
| Heather | Woven, multi-colored effect created by blending fibers of different colors |
| Haircloth | A very stiff, wiry cloth made with a single horsehair filling, usually on a cotton warp. The width of the fabric is determined by the length of the horsehair in the filing, no more than 26' (66.04 cm) wide. For lining and upholstery |
| Herringbone | Broken twill weave composed of vertical sections that are alternately right hand in direction. Also called ARROWHEAD WEAVE. If done in wide stripes its is called CHEVRON WEAVE |
| Houndstooth | Broken twill weave forming FOUR POINTED STAR. |
| Lame | A fabric in which metallic threads or yarns are interspersed though out or used in the base construction. The term comes from the French word for "worked with gold and silver wire". Metallic fabric |
| Lawn | A light, thin cloth of plain weave with crisp and crease-resistant finish. Name is derived from Laon, Francem where in linen lawn was manufactured extensively |
| Lisserie | A jacquard stripe fabric simulating silk and embroidery |
| Madras | A fine firm cotton cloth with a plain weave background. It is usually STRIPED OR PLAID n color. Name derived from Madras, India |
| Marquisette | A lightweight, OPEN-MESH cloth of leno or doupe weave. It is used for clothing it is used for clothing, curtains and mosquito nets |
| Matelasse | A soft, double cloth which has a quilted surface effect, and is woven on Jacquard looms. Term derived from French meaning " cushion or padded" |
| Melton | A heavily felted, hard, plain, face-finished cloth. It is napped and very closely sheared. It originated in the famous Melton Mowbray fox hunting area in Leicestershire, England |
| Monk's cloth | Made of a very coarse yarn and is rough, substantial, rather bulky fabric with a tendency to sag, depending on the compactness of the weave. |
| Muslin | A generic term for a variety of cotton fabrics. French term is mousseline, and is actually a smooth, delicately woven cotton fabric. |
| Nainsook | A fine, soft fabric with a plain weave, usually with a strip and often mercerized to produce luster. |
| Ninon | A smooth, transparent, high-textured fabric made in plain or novelty weaves. It is much like voile but has more body |
| Organdie | A very light, thin, stiff, transparent and wiry cloth. Chemical treatment assures that it will retain its crispiness through repeated launderings. |
| Osnaburg | A coarse cloth, often made with part waste in it. Named for a town in germany |
| Oxford | A soft, somewhat porous, rather stout fabric with a silk-like luster finish. it launders very well but known to soil easily |
| Panne | French word for PLUSH and is a satn-faced material made with a high luster by a roller-pressure treatment during finishing. Resembles VELVET but has a much longer pile. |
| Percale | A printed cloth with a smooth, firm finish. 180 thread count - bedsheet |
| Pique | A medium weight or heavy fabric with raised cords that run in the warp direction (polo shirts) |
| Plisse | A fabric treated in a striped motif or in spot formation with a caustic soda solution that shrinks parts of the goods to provide the crinkled or pleated effect, thus is does not need to be ironed. |
| Plush | A warp pile cloth covered with a surface of cut pile yarns. The pile is longer but not as densely woven as velvet. Derived form the French word 'peluche' by way of the Latin 'pilus' which means HAIR |
| Polished cotton | Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high-luster surface finish |
| Pongee | It was originally thin, natural, tan-colored silk fabric, made of wild Chinese silk with a knotty rough weave. It was named from the Chinese, pun-ki, meaning "woven at home on one's own loom" Now, it is also a staple, fine combed fabric finished with a high luster. Drapery lining |
| Poplin | Identified by a fine rib effect in the filling direction from SELVAGE TO SELVAGE. Term is derived from the obsolete French term "papeline" |
| Rep | It is similar to poplin but has a more distinctive crossrib cord. Used for upholstery and drapery |
| Sailcloth | Plain weave fabric where the majority of the FABRIC FACE is composed of WAR THREADS |
| Sateen | Made with a satin weave and has a very smooth lustrous surface surface effect. It has the tendency to slip at the seams |
| Satin | It has a very smooth, lustrous face effect while the back of the material is dull. The name originated in Zayfun, China, although it was termed after the Latin 'Seta" meaning silk |
| Saxony | Originally a high-grade coating fabric made from the wool of Merino sheep raised in Saxony, Germany. Now, it also is the name for a soft woolen cloth with elaborate yarn effects. |
| Scrim | An open mesh, plain-weave cloth in several constructions and weights and usually used in buckfarm |
| Seersucker | A lightweight cloth in which a base warp lies flat and a second warp becomes crinkled because of chemical treatment |
| Seconds | Woven cloth with error of flaws |
| Serge | One of the oldest basic terms in textiles. It now implies any smooth-faced cloth made with a two up and two-down twill weave. |
| Shantung | A silk fabric made of several fibers but designated by an elongated slub filling yarn. It was named for the city of Shantung, China, where it was originally woven. |
| Sharkskin | Made from a small twill weave and has a smooth compact surface resembling the skin of a shark. It has very substantial fell although it is fairly light in weight. |
| Sheeting | A plain weave corded or combed cloth which comes in light, medium, or heavy weights. |
| Stretch woven | Fabrics originated in Germany and Austria and were developed to provide greater freedom of body movement of the athlete. They present very good surface texture and are durable and moisture absorbent. Stretch yarns in the warp of a warp stretch fabric or in both the warp and filling ensure that these fabrics will return to their original shape when tension is released |
| Surah | A soft, twill woven silk or rayon fabric often made in plaid effects. It is soft and flexible, lightweight |
| Swiss | A fine, sheer, crisp, stiff cloth which may be plain, dotted or figured. |
| Taffeta | A fine, plain weave fabric, smooth on both sides, and usually with sheen on its surface. It may be solid colored, printed, or woven in such a way that the colors seem changeable. It was named for the Persian fabric taftan. |
| Tartan | A cloth made in plain weave or in two-up and two-down twill weave. This multi-colored fabric may be conventional or exceptional when made in variations of color effects. The fabric originated in Spain and was called tiritana, although it is now associated with Scottish clans. It is also a specific woven pattern that often signifies a particular Scottish clan in the modern era. Skirts in england |
| Terry cloth | Has uncut loops on booth sides of the fabric. It is very absorbent; the longer the loops, the greater the absorbency. |
| Ticking | A compactly woven cotton cloth, usually striped. It is known to be very sturdy and strong, smooth and lustrous. |
| Tweed | A rough, irregular, soft and flexible, unfinished, shaggy cloth. It was named for the Tweed River which separates England from Scotland. It is one of the oldest and most popular outerwear fabrics used today. It is made of twill or a homespun (plain) weave. |
| Velour | A term loosely applied to cut pile cloths in general. It is also designates fabrics with a fine raised finish. From the French term meaning velvet, and although it resembles velvet, it has a lower cut pile. |
| Velvet | A warp-pile cloth in which a succession of rows of short cut pile stand so close together as to give a uniform, even surface. The better kinds may be crush resistant, water resistant and drapes well. When the pile is more than 1/8", it is already called plush |
| Velveteen | A filling pile cloth in which the pile is made by cutting an extra set of filling yarns. |
| Voile | A combed yarn, high-twist, staple fabric with a threadlike appearance. The cloth is made from gassed yarns. It is derived from the French term meaning veil. |
| Zibeline | It is a cloth made from cross-bred yarns, and the fabric is strongly colored. The finish is a highly raised lustrous type, and the nap is long and lies in one direction. The cloth may be given a soft feel and finish. |
| Antimacassar | A small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs, or the head or cushions of a sofa to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric |
| Batting | Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts, or crafts |
| Bedding | Custom handmade or manufactured materials used on a bed for utilitarian or decorative purposes |
| Bed sheet | Square panel of fabric with or without elastic edge used to encase the top mattress on a bed |
| Bedskirt | Fabric bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress |
| Bedspread | A feature bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress |
| Buttoned | A feature of tufted upholstery in which usually fabric covered buttons are sewn over points of tufting finish |
| Comforter | This is a lightweight quilt that can be used over other bedding or as a single covering. It is similar in size to a Duvet so it also requires a valance |
| Double faced | 2 layers of fabric sewn or bonded together, thereby becoming reversible and enabling different materials to be placed on each side |
| Color Mag | The series of clippings attached to a purchase sample to show the color line. |
| Color line | This refers to the complete color range of a given series |
| Color Way | An individual color of a particular style or pattern |
| Crocking | Rubbing off of color from woven or printed fabrics |
| Down proof | Tightly woven or coated fabrics used to prevent down feathers from penetrating surface |
| Interfacing | Stiff textile used on the underneath side of fabric to strengthen; add body or prevent stretching, available with a heat- activated adhesive, i.e. fusible layer |
| Figured Fabric | A fabric in which the pattern is formed by the weave |
| Ombre | Fabric construction created in weft yarns with graduated or shaded tone or color patterns |
| Ondelette | Continuous filament rayon yarn with entangled slubs |
| Outline quilting | Hand quilting technique where stitches follow printed motifs on fabric |
| Padding | Fabrics or materials used to provide additional cushioning |
| Paisley | Intricate interlocking curvilinear pattern originating in India |
| Peau de Soie | Fine silk fabric |
| Petit point | Fine, hand stitched needlepoint design on canvass created with only one foundation thread, rather than multiple threads |
| Pick count | The number of filling yarns per inch of fabric |
| Pill | To form undesirable clumps of loose fibers on fabric |
| Pilling | Fiber filaments that break in yarn due to friction leaving small undesirable clumps of loose fibers on the surface of fabric |
| Pillow sham | Fabric cover designed ro protect pillow from soiling, utilitarian or decorative |
| Polished cotton | Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high luster surface finish |
| Quilt | Layers of cloth filled with batting elaborately stitched by hand or by machine, used as a bedspread or wall hanging |
| Railroaded | To turn fabric where selvages run horizontally rather than vertically, often used when fabrics are non-directional to avoid unwanted seams |
| Reverse printing | Dye-resistant products are applied, which results in only the background of a fabric being dyed |
| Sham | Decorative covering for bed pillows |
| Singeries | French word for monkey trick, decoration using monkeys in human costume, generally in humorous situations popular in rococo oranamentation |
| Sheet | Large panel of fabric, usually in pairs, used on top of bed |
| Strie | Cloth having a fine, irregular streaked pattern |
| Table runner | Slender, decorative cloth, typically used lengthwise down the center of a dining table, for surface protection and embellishment |
| Throw | Small decorative spread or coverlet, often woven with fringe |
| Toile | Cotton or linen woven or printed documentary fabric, typically printed in monotone color on an off white or white background, originally made in France |
| Toile de Jouy | Fabrics printed in one color with 18th and 19th century scenes |
| Union Cloth | Blended yarns of twisted linen and cotton yarns in the filler creating a textured surface finish |
| Upholstery | Materials used to make soft seating including wood or metal frames, eight-way hand-tied springs, foam, batting, fabrics and cording |
| Viscose | Rayon fiber of superior quality used in many decorative fabrics, often used to imitate silk |
| Wall Hanging | A tapestry, needlepoint or bound fabric panel hung on the wall, typically suspended from an iron drapery rod and adorned with cording and tassels |
| Washed Goods | Fabric procedure using commercial washing machines to mimic a worm effect |
| Barathea | It is a rich, soft-looking fine fabric, English in origin, and originally made as a mourning cloth. |
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