Human Geo AP Chap. 1 Vocab
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woah-there on August 20, 2012
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absolute location | A point on the earth's surface expressed by a coordinate system such as latitude and longitude |
| Agricultural Denity | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture |
| Area | a demarcated area of the Earth |
| Arithmetic density | the total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Base line | an east-west line designated under the land of ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the united states |
| Boundary | A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line. |
| Cartography | the science of making maps |
| Concentration | the spread of something over a given area |
| Connections | relationships among people & objects across the barrier of space |
| Contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| Cultural diffusion | the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point |
| Cultural ecology | geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships |
| Cultural Landscape | the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group |
| Culture | the body of customary beliefs, social forms, & material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people |
| Density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area |
| Diffusion | the spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another over time |
| Distance Decay | the diminishing in importance & eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
| Distribution | the arrangement of something across earth's surface |
| Environmental Determinism | a 19th-and early 20th- century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities |
| Environmental Geography | Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world |
| Environmental Perception | a person's idea or image of a place; may often be inaccurate |
| Expansion Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trending among people from one area to another in a snowballing process |
| Formal Region | an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Functional Region | an area organized around a node or focal point |
| Geographic information system (gis) | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes & displays geographic data |
| Global positioning systems (gps) | a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, & receivers |
| Globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world & result in making something worldwide in scope |
| Greenwich mean time (GMT) | the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude |
| Hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate |
| Hierarchical diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
| Hierarchy | A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority |
| Human Geography | the study of human use and understanding of the world and the processes which have affected it |
| Human | environment interactions- the sociological study of societal-environmental interactions, although this definition immediately presents the perhaps insolvable problem of separating human cultures from the rest of the environment |
| International date line | an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hrs. or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day. |
| Land ordinance of 1785 | a law that divided much of the united states into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers |
| Landscape | All the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal |
| Latitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe & measuring distance north & south of the equator |
| Location theory | concerned with the geographic location of economic activity; it has become an integral part of economic geography, regional science, and spatial economics; addresses the questions of what economic activities are located where and why |
| Longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe & measuring distance east & west of the prime meridian |
| Map | a 2D , or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it |
| Mental map | a representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place & where places are located |
| Meridian | an arc drawn on a map between the north & south poles |
| Movement | An act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed |
| Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator & at right angles to the meridians |
| Pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area |
| Perceptual Region | constructs that reflect human feelings and attitudes about areas and are therefore shared, subjective images of places |
| Physical (natural) Geography | The branch of geography dealing with natural features |
| Physiological Density | the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture |
| Place | a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character |
| Polder | land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area |
| Possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment & choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| Prime meridian | the meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich, England |
| Principal meridian | a north-south lone designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying & numbering of townships in the united states |
| Projection | the system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
| Regional science | a field of the social sciences concerned with analytical approaches to problems that are specifically urban, rural, or regional |
| Regional studies | an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social & physical phenomena in a particular study area |
| Regions | areas distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| Relative location | the location of a place in relation to another place |
| Relocation diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| Remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods |
| Resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically & technologically feasible to access, & is socially acceptable to use |
| Scale | generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied & earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map & the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface |
| Section | a square normally 1 mile on a side. The land of Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the united states into 36 sections |
| Site | the physical character of a place |
| Situation | the location of a place relative to another place |
| Space | the physical gap or interval between 2 objects |
| Space-time Compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications & transportations systems |
| Spatial perspective | The technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface |
| Stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristics is rejected |
| Toponym | the name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
| Township | a square normally 6 miles on a side. The land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the united states into a series of townships |
| Transnational Corporation | a company that conducts research, operates factories, & sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located |
| Uneven Development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between core & peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy |
| Vernacular Region | an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
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