| Term | Definition |
| James Buchanan | 15th President of the US; offered to protect slavery to keep the union together |
| Frederick Douglass | abolitionist; fought and won for black soldiers' right to join the army |
| Abraham Lincoln | signed the Emancipation Proclamation into law |
| Jefferson Davis | 1st and only President of the CSA |
| Robert E. Lee | leader of Southern forces during the Civil War |
| Clara Barton | founder of the American Red Cross |
| George McClellan | General of the Union Army; fired by Lincoln for being too cautious |
| John Crittenden | Senator who proposed slavery be protected by the Constitution |
| Ulysses S. Grant | general of the Union Army; captured Vicksburg; led the North to victory |
| Dorothea Dix | a leader of the US Sanitary Commission; later named superintendent of nurses |
| Salmon P. Chase | established a national banking system and the issue of a legal tender paper currency |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general; captured Atlanta; burned Atlanta |