Anthro Exam 3
About this set
Created by:
theonestep4 Plus on October 23, 2009
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
119 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Facts of African Americans | 13% of population ○ 34.5 million people ○ Largest minority group currently ○ Working and middle class ○ 27% below poverty level in US |
| Diverse Origins of Blacks | Africa. West Indies, South America |
| Africans had interactions with | Spain, France, England, Holland and Native American groups |
| State-imposed racism | This figure set up racial caste system |
| Myth of Negro Past | 1. childlike 2. less intelligent 3. no cultural background 4. traits need to be replaced by Europeans 5. man without past |
| Human life in Africa | Began 200,000 to 100,000 YA |
| Great Zimbabwe | - Southeast Africa □ AD 1300-1450 Large enclosures walls around huts□ "Dhaka Huts" - not sure if people live in them □ Monolithic Stones □ 1,000 to 18,000 people □ Trade with Iran and China |
| Slave Trade | - 10-12 million men, women and children from Africa to Americas □ 1/2 million to N.A. |
| West and Central African Slaves | - Small number from East Africa - West Africa: greatest number - Central Africa: Bantu culture: most homogenized |
| Women positions in Africa | - Ruled as queen mothers - Skilled farmers - Ran local markets - Economic life |
| West and central African jobs | - Farmers, - Cattle herders |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | This area traded with N.Africa and Middle East, Europe and Asia |
| Africans Expeditions to New World | 1492: Pedro Alonzo Nino w/ Christopher Colombus - 1492: Juan las Canarias: Santa Maria - Balboa: Pacific expedition: 30 men of african descent - 1538:Estevanico; American Southwest |
| Slavery in Europe | not racism; especially strong in Spain and Portugal |
| Bartolome de las Casas | suggested africans as slaves to Charles V in N.A. b/c of immunity to diseases; felt sorry for natives in New World; lack of immunity |
| Charles V | informed of the idea of Africans as slaves by Bartolome de las Casas |
| 1526 | Africans in N.A. brought by Spanish |
| 1528: Esteban | gun bearer, slave, soldier |
| San Augustine, Florida | Oldest N.A. European city blacks - 10% of population; set up by Spain |
| Fort Mose, Florida | 1st African American town in 1738 |
| 1619: Dutch | brought 20 African indentured servants to Jamestown |
| Cause of Pre-Revolution Slavery | due to shortage of labor |
| Disapproved of Slavery | Mennonites (Germantown); Quakers (Penn) |
| 1700 | 28,000 slaves in colonies; (5000 in North, 23,000 in South);Colonies adopts fugitive Slave laws; NYC has more slaves than any other Colony (except S.C.) - recently discovered burial ground by Howard University; Washington, DC capitol building African designs |
| 1714 | 59,000 slaves in America |
| 1754 | 263,000 slave in America |
| Beginning Revolution | at this period more than half Virginia population slaves and free blacks |
| Tobacco and Rice | these crops created demand for slaves |
| 18th Century | Rebellions of Slaves |
| 1723 | year Virginia restricts voting and carrying weapon for free blacks |
| 1740: South Carolina | pass codes to prevent blacks from owning and raising livestock |
| Thomas Jefferson: 1769 | wrote early Law for emancipation though not passed |
| 1775 | year Continental Congress bars blacks from Army; 1st Abolitionist Society founded |
| Lord Dunmore | Royal Governor of Virginia; offered freedom of any slave who fought on behalf of colony; G. Washington recruited blacks |
| Cotton Gin | 1793; invention caused demand for slave labor increases |
| 1804 | year Northern States work to eliminate Slavery |
| Slavery Trade prohibited | 1807; 5000 illegal slaves imported per year |
| reasons to keep slavery and southern way of life | - myth of Negro Past - racial caste system - racial segregation laws - federal, state and local laws for justification for slavery |
| North Slaves taught by Quakers | They were able to read and right |
| Blacks in South | 80% skilled labor |
| Plantations Of 18th Century | differ from Caribbean; sugar in Caribbean - slaves and free blacks; 1850s - half of slaves in 30 or more |
| Close contact w/ owners | paternalistic world, lived on farms w/ owner in residence, 1/3 or 1/4 under overseers |
| Southern States | put out Ordinances to prevent ( Voting, movement, education and safety), Reestablishing Control (Segregtion, Social Caste System) |
| North better jobs | although there was segregation in both South and North ( more blacks in South) |
| Segregation | Not new, supported by government,creation of separate(churches, business, social clubs, etc; creates sense of community and solidarity in black) |
| Voting restrictions | poll, taxes, literacy requirements, grand-father clauses, etc. - |
| 1896 | year Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal transportation) |
| 1898 | year Williams v. Mississippi (upheld literacy tests for voters) |
| views of African American Community | Booker T. Washington: (gradualism 1856, Virginia) Southern, increasing opprotunities through training, not going to push for immediate equality, but work for it. WEB DuBois: Northerner, Education and bettering yourself is pointless, but fight immediately for civil rights |
| NAACP | Created in 1910 by W.E.B. DuBois; used legal approach to end segregation - 1911: Urban League created to address social welfare issues, poverty and discrimination, slow progress |
| Violence | this escalates in south, 1892: 225 recorded lynchings (result of crime by black towards white, rarely prosecuted) maintain social control, becomes social event |
| KKK | Elite Southerners, 1st used to protect from Black Revolts' During Great Depression used violence to terrorize former slaves, Reinstituted from 1915 to 1944 (displaced by depression, "keep blacks in line") |
| Great Migration | this Changed country's demographics; African Americans hoped for higher wages, better jobs |
| Labor Recruiters | convince blacks to move north, employment, assistance,debt forgiveness, political protests |
| Great Migration- South | led to some reforms in south (better schools) Education demographics: 22% Black children, 37%: white children; Education Demographics 1940: 66% black children 65% white children |
| WWII effects | "March on Washington's - show mistreatment of blacks in military; President Roosevelt creates Fair Employment Practices Committee |
| WWII Economic Boom | causes Middle Class to rise frm 13% to 46% of pop. due to gov't incentives to GIs (Housing and education) |
| 1954 supreme court case | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas" (seperate is Not equal) ; not supported by southerns or Pres. Eisenhower |
| Rosa Parks | Began Civil Rights Movement (December 1, 1955) sat in 11th row directly across from blacks. |
| Bus Boycott | starts December 5, 1955 - lasts until 1957 organized by Women's Political Council; effective bcuz Blacks 3/4 of customers; caused federal courts to declare segregated seating unconstitutional |
| Civil Rights Act: 1957 | created Infrastructure to handle civil rights problems (department of justice) however, prohibited interference w/ voting |
| MLK Jr. | rose to national prominence, Southern Christian Leadership Conference; Dexter Avenue Baptist Church |
| Freedom Rides | May 1961 - went across America in support of Civil Rights |
| June 12, 1963 | NAACP leader Medgar Evans, murdered |
| Nov 22 1963 | JFK assassinated |
| Urban Areas Civil Rights | push for strong separate community instead of integration, Black nationalism, Nation of Islam, Malcolm X (goals to improve life of blacks) |
| Nation of Islam | Able to get youth out of drugs, networked black businesses, improve members |
| October 16, 1995 | Million man March - protest for Integration into American system |
| 1960s | era of Black Power Movement, (Changes ideology, new generation, violent: riots, north and west blacks, unreligious leaders) |
| Black Panther Party | 1966; challenged authority, carried firearms |
| MLK assassinated | April 4, 1968 |
| Robert Kennedy assassinated | June 5, 1968 |
| Results of Assassinations | civil rights movement ended, Vietnam War protests begin |
| 1970s | era ends Vietnam War; causes tremendous economic recession, "underclass", no education or necessary skills, poor blacks continue to become worse off |
| Family in African American Life | central to black life,women could be head of households, (extended family, parent-child bonds, siblings, kin networks and women employed out of home) |
| African Americans and Religion | "Most religious people in world" (77% protestant, 11% catholic, 10% no affiliaition, 1/2 are baptists) |
| Graded system of color | Hypo-descent system, No formal mulatto class unlike in Haiti's Color consciousness, Created solidarity among African Americans |
| Carolinas | this place was cultivated by Rice crops and sparked imports of Gola and Krio slaves who live in similar rice-growing environments in Sierra Leone |
| Upper Guinea | Gola, Vai, Mende are from this area of Africa. They share a common social & religious bond. American versions of these cultures are the Gullah (which speak Krio) and the Geechee |
| 1790 | 60,000 8% blacks |
| Middle Passage | Name of voyage to Americas |
| Ways Slaves resisted Masters | Working slowly, Damaging goods/property, Fakes sickness, Self mutilation, Mocked owners Harm owners, Poisoning, Beating |
| 1712: New York City | Slave revolt 21 slaves executed |
| 1739: South Carolina | 81 whites killed |
| 1800: Gabriel Prosser | Richmond, VA; Captured and hung before his revolt could take place |
| 1822: Charleston | Denmark Vessey - Conspiracy Led to laws limiting mobility of blacks |
| Liberia (1822) | Blacks moved from US to this country Too different to coexist Leave America and create own county there |
| Nat Turner Rebellion | 1831- Southampton County, VA Killed 60 whites, was hung for revolt Wrote "Confessions" White reaction: Forbidding education, free blacks leave, limit on emancipation |
| Confederacy: Attacks for Sumner | 1861 year Civil War Begins, |
| 13TH AMENDMENT | 1865, abolished slavery |
| 14TH Amendment | 1868 full citizenships to anyone born in America |
| 15th Amendment | In 1870 this Amendment was passed which guaranteed all male citizens the right to vote |
| 1863 to 1877 | Reconstruction Rights as Citizens, Ku Klux Klan, Race Riots, Class differences |
| % of Protest African Americans | 77% (over 1/2 are baptists) |
| % of Catholic African Americans | 11% |
| % of No Religious affiliation African Americans | 10% no affiliation |
| Because of lack of labor in 17th Century North America | New England bring slaves from Africa |
| 1641 | Massachusetts legalize slavery |
| 1670 | Virginia denied right to vote for Africans, permanent slaves |
| 1663 | Maryland law passed made all imported Africans slaves; if Free already didn't apply to them |
| Rhodes Island | required slaves to read and write |
| Vasquez de Allyon | 100 black laborers accompanied him to Georgia and later rebelled joining the natives |
| 1688 | Penn anti-slavery resolution |
| Fair Employment Practices Committee | June 18,1941 - President Roosevelt to solve military civil rights problem |
| March on Washington | July 1, 1941 A. Randolph Phillip |
| Sep 15, 1963 | Birmingham church bombed kills 3 lil girls |
| Aug 28, 1963 | 250,000 gather to watch "I have a dream" speech in Washington, DC |
| 1860 | 488,000 (1/2 in south) 11% at the time |
| 1863 | Emancipation Proclamation (Abraham Lincoln) |
| Pedro Alonzo Nino | 1492: w/ Christopher Colombus |
| Juan las Canarias | 1492 Santa Maria |
| Balboa Pacific expedition | 30 men of african descent |
| 1538 | Estevanico; American Southwest |
| Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia | Herto Site |
| Early Art: Middle Stone Age 77,000 YA | Red ochre with Soft mineral |
| Namibia 26,000 YA | Apollo 11 cave ;painted slab |
| Slaves and free blacks in US during Civil War | 4.5 Million |
| Dhaka Huts | not sure if people live in them |
| Population of Great Zimbabwe | 1,000 to 18,000 people |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.