| Term | Definition |
| directional hypothesis | hypothesis that makes specific prediction about direction of relationship between 2 variables |
| hypothesis | statement of predicted relationships between variables or predicted outcomes |
| nondirectional hypothesis | research hypothesis that does not stipulate expected direction of relationship between variables |
| null hypothesis | hypothesis stating no relationship between variables under study; used primarily in statistical testing as hypothesis to be rejected |
| problem statement | expression of dilemma or disturbing situation that needs investigation |
| research hypothesis | actual hypothesis researcher wishes to test (as opposed to null hypothesis), stating anticipated relationship between 2 or more variable |
| research problem | disturbing or perplexing condition that can be investigated through disciplined inquiry |
| research question | specific query researcher wants to answer to address research problem |
| statement of purpose | declarative statement of overall goals of study |