| Term | Definition |
|---|
| North Ocean Shiping v Hyundai | first instance of econ duress - previously confined to threats of violence - threat to not perform contract - coercion an illegitimate pressure |
| Universal Tankships v UTFW | legitimate pressure - there was coercion whereby no reasonable choice but pressure was justified as trade union |
| Pao On Long | Lord Scarman "must be coercion of a mans will" so that he has no reasonable alternative and pressure which is illegitimate |
| Parmacutical Care Systems | affirmed test in Pao On - pressure must have induced conduct |
| Haines v Carter | threat of lawful conduct - reporting person for a crime - illegitimate as amounts to blackmail |
| CNT CASH n Carry | threat of unlawful conduct - Defendants genuinely thought they had the right to withdraw credit = no duress |
| AG for Eng Whales v R | no duress as party had alternative choice and the pressure was not illegitimate as national security interests |
| North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai | affirmation cancels right to set contract aside |
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