| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Eras of policing | political,reform, community, homeland security |
| What are the problems with the media protrayal of the police | minorities protrayed unfavorable in police related incidents, racial aspect of media coverage |
| Agencies of HomelandSecurity | us secret service, us custom and border protection, immigration and custom enforcement, justice departments |
| problems with classical approach | lack of motivation, and incentives in the rank of police officers |
| why is prison population expanding | get tough laws, war on drugs, reluctance to release inmates early |
| corporal punishments in american colonies | flogging,instant death, lingering death, confinement, branding |
| what fueled the development of prisons | a change from punishing body to punishing the soul,passive laws preventing imprisonment of anyone except criminals |
| Goals of sentencing | revenge,retribution,deterrence,incappacitation, restoration |
| sentencing options | legislatures establish types of sentences that can be imposed , congress and the 50 stste legislatures decide what is the law and define crimes and their punsihments for their jurisdictions. |
| types of sentences | mandatory, consecutive,concurrent |
| rationales -mandatory sentences have two goals | detterence and incapacitation |
| issues in sentencing | social debt, equity, proportionality |
| specific deterrence | the deterrence of the individual punsihment to dissuade others from committing crimes |
| restorative justice | systematic response to wrongdoing that emphasizes healing the wounds of the victims, offenders, and communities caused or reveled by crime |
| determinate sentence | a sentence of a fixed term of incarceration, which can be reduced by good time |
| truth in sentencing | sentencing principle that requires an offender to serve a substancial portion of the sentence and reduces the discrepancy between the sentence imposed and actual time spent in prison |
| diversion | halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceeding against a person |
| rationales for diversion | less expensive than formally processing an offender, gives typical diversion client a better chance in life |
| goals of probation | protect community,carry out sanctions imposed by the court, conduct a risk-needs assessment,support crime victims, coordinate and promote the use of community resources |
| what causes revocation of probation | new offense, technical violations |
| recidivism | repetition of criminal behavior; generally involves rearrest. It is the primary outcome measure for probation, as it is for all corrections programs. |
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