| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Diffusion (passive transport) | compounds move in and out from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration |
| Active Transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a place of lower concentration to a place of higher concentration using the energy of ATP |
| Endocytosis | Process of taking in large substances |
| Phagocytosis | "cell eating" surrounded solid particles with the cell membrane and then engulf them |
| Pinocytosis | "cell drinking" cell membrane allows liquid to enter cell before it pinches off to entrap it |
| exocytosis | Process by which cellular wastes are eliminated from the cytoplasm - Secreation-containing vesicles move to the surface of the cell and open spilling contents to the outside |
| cell cycle | process by which cells reproduce by construction duplicate call parts and then dividing into 2 separate cells |
| Synthesis | the chromosomes are carefully replicated so that there are 2 copies of each chromosome before the cell divides |
| Mitosis | cell division. Nucleus of a cell divides to make 2 nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the original nucleus |
| Chromatin | the genetic material within the nucleus; DNA and protein "spools" |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures of organized chromatin - Is one or two large DNA molecules and associated proteins that behave as a single untin in the cell |
| 4 steps of mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| Prophase | Cell packages it's DNA from chromatin to chromosomes - Nucleolus and nuclear membrane break apart - centrioles replicated and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Metaphase | Nuclear membrane is completely gone - Centrioles are at opposite ends of the cell - Pair of chromatids attached to the spindle appartatus by the centromeres - Pair of chromatids are lined-up in center of the cell |
| Anaphase | Chromatids separate and begin to move apart - Chromatids are dragged along the microtubles of the spindle apparatus to opposite ends to the cell |
| Telophase | The "reverse" of prophase - Chromosomes are at oppostite ends of the cell - Nuclear membrane reappears - New nucleus begins to form at each end of the cell - Chromosomes begin to uncoil and become chromatin -Nucleolus forms in each new nucleus |
| Cytokinesis | cell membrane pinches in haf forming 2 daughter cells (humans and animals) |
| Cell Death | Special internal mechanism that triggers this; DNA has special molecules on its ends that are used during replication, when they are used up=signal for death |
| the majority of the cell is ________ and the other part is the _________ phase | interphase; mitotic |
| sister chromatids | duplicated chromosome |
| how does cell death occur? | lysosomes erupt; release destructive enzymes; cell structure is broken down |
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