| Term | Definition |
|---|
| astronomy | The study of the moon,stars,and objects in space |
| axis | The imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and and the North and south poles |
| rotation | The spining of Earth's on its axis is called |
| revolution | is the movement of one object around another. |
| Orbit | Earth's follows a path, as it revolves around the sun. |
| Solstice | Each of these days, when the sun is farest north or south of the equater |
| equinox | This occurs twice a year, when the noon sun is directly overhead at the equater. |
| force | a push or a pull. |
| gravity | This force attracts all objects toward each other. |
| The law of universal gravitation | It states that every object in the universe attracts every other object. |
| mass | is the amount of matter in an object. |
| weight | The force of gravity on an object is |
| inertia | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion is |
| Newton's first law of motion | Says that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force. |
| phases | The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth |
| eclipse | When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that object |
| umbra | The very darkest part of the moon's shadow |
| solar eclipse | The moon's shadow then hits Earth. So this occurs when a new moon blocks your veiw of the sun. |
| penumbra | the part of the moon's shadow that is less dark than the umbra; it surrounds the darkest part of the shadow |
| lunar eclipes | occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun. |
| tides | are caused mainly by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of Earth. |
| spring tide | Their combined forces produce a tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides, called a spring tide. |
| neap tide | This arrangement produces a tide with the least differences between consecutive low and high tides. Neap tide occurs twice a month. |
| telescope | A device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer. |
| maria | The moon's surface has dark, flat areas, which Galileo |
| craters | Galileo saw that the moon's surface is marked by large round pits called |
| meteoroids | are chunks of rock or dust from space. |
| rocket | Is a device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction. |
| thrust | The reaction force that propels a rocket foward is |
| Velocity | speed in a given direction. |
| Orbital velocity | Is the velocity a rocket must achieve to establish an orbit around Earth. |
| Escape velocity | Is the velocity a rocket must reach to fly beyond a panet's gravitational pull. |
| satellite | is an object that revolves around another object in space. |
| space shuttle | a spacecraft that can carry a crew into space, return to Earth, and then be reused for the same purpose. |
| space station | a large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods. |
| space probes | a spacecraft that carries scientific instuments that can collect data. |
| rovers | Some probes have small robots that move around on the surface. |
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