| Term | Definition |
|---|
| protozoa | free living, unicellular eukaryotic organism; have vacoules for digestion, whip-like flagella for motion, form cysts; ingests food via cytostome, reproduce sexually and asexually |
| motile form of protozoa | trophozoite |
| intestinal protozoa causing diarrhea | entamoeba histolytica (bloody diarrhea), giardia lamblia and cyclospora (cause non-bloody diarrhea), cryptosporidium and isospora belli (severe diarrhea in people with defective immune systems) |
| homosexuals asymptomatic carriers of | entamoeba histolytica |
| chromotoid bodies | aggregates of ribosomes in precyst entamoeba which are extruded before cysts mature |
| effect of entamoeba invading the intestinal mucosa | erosions, abdominal pain and bleeding, penetrates portal blood circulation, spreads through diaphragm into lungs (absscesses) |
| giardia | mature trophozoite looks like a kite; obtained from contaminated water, harbored by rodents and beavers |
| effect of giardia | interfers with intestinal fat absorption, so stools packed with tons of fat and really stink~! abdominal gassy distension, no blood in stool |
| cryptosporidium | particularly problemaic in immunocompromised patients; cause severe protracted diarrhea |
| cyclospora and isospora | seen in food-borne outbreaks involving raspberries, both have acid fast stain |
| vaginal itching, burning on urination and copious vaginal secretion, thin malodorous frothy is indicative of | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| meningitis causing ameobas | Nagleria fowleri, acanthameoba, and balamuthia mandrillaris |
| nagleria infected patients | 95% most likely to die in a week post infection, mature amoeba only in brain to cause acute meningoencephalitis |
| acanthamoeba and balamuthia | cause chronic meningoencephalitis in immumocompromised; both affect brain; acantha affects cornea and balamuthia affects skin |
| parasites commonly found in AIDs and immunocompromised patients | cryptosporidium, isospora, toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii/jirovecii |
| T-helper cells drop below <200 allows parasites to thrive in the host. true/false | true |
| ingesting of raw pork or kitty litter makes one susceptible to infection from | toxoplasma gondii |
| the most common encephalitis in AIDS patients | toxoplasma induced encephalitis; also chorioretinitis where you have white fluffy patches in retina |
| transplacentally acquired organisms (TORCHES) | Toxo, rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes HIV, Syphilis |
| pneumocystis carinii/jirovecii | fungus that invades lungs at early age and persists in latent state; 85% of cases show kids have infection by age 4. |
| the most common opportunistic infection of AIDS patients | PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, with diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates); also pneumocystis jirovecii |
| plamsodium strains that cause malaria | falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae |
| stages of malaria | sporozoites (pre-erythrocytic), trophozoites (schizont in liver cells), merozoites - released into circulation ex-erythrocytc |
| P. vivax and P. ovale have hypnozoites | dormant forms that can persist in the liver for months |
| male and female gametocytes mate and become oocysts where | in stomach of female anopheles mosquito |
| signs of malaria | splenohepatomegaly, cerebral malaria, seizures, coma |
| what enables blacks to be resistant to P. vivax and falciparum | the absence of the RBC antigen, Duffy a and b that vivax needs for binding. also sickle hemoglobin AS protect RBCs from falciparum invasion. |
| babesiosis | infection quite similar to malaria; caused by babesia microti or divergens |
| difference b/n babesiosis and malaria | babesiosis is spread by blood tick, and does not affect liver cells. Found in Northeastern US, same tick as spreads lyme (Ixodes scapularis |
| maltese cross | tetrad of merozoites of babesia |
| blood borne flagellates | leishmania and trypanosoma |
| stages of flagellates | amastigote (no flagella) -- promastigotes, epimastigotes and trypomastigotes |
| Leishmania sp | tropica, chagasi, major, donovani, braziliensis. |
| host and transmission of Leishmania | dogs, rodents and foxes, transmitted via bite of sandfly |
| host response to leishmania is controlled via | cell mediated immunity |
| forms of leishmania | simple and diffuse cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis(kala-azar) |
| oriental sore | develops on skin at site of sandfly bite |
| west african vs E. African sleeping sickness | T. brucei gambiense vs. T brucei rhodiens; slow progression vs severe progression |
| what accounts for he intermittent fevers in sleeping sickness | the trypanosomes make variable surface glycoproteins, which trypanosome keeps alternating each time antigen response is mounted against it |
| vector for T. cruzi | reduviid bug/kissing bug |
| signs of chagas | swollen lymph nodes, heart inflammation causing tachycardia |
| chronic chagas | arrhythmias (ventricular tacycardia and heart block), megacolon and mega-esophagus |
| balantidium coli | tramsmitted by food containing pig feces; largest protozoans in intestines; treat with tetracycline |
| strawberry cervix | colpitis macularis; seen in women with trichomonas infection; treat with metronidazole |
| what % of women in US are carriers of trichomonas | 25 - 50% |
Combine with other sets
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