Population Genetics
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Created by:
katieyoung42 on October 25, 2009
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 P= 0 | impossible event |
| P= 1 | certain event |
| Addition Rule | For mutually exclusive "OR" events, you add the probabilities |
| Multiplication Rule | For independent "AND" events multiply the probabilities |
| Allele | alternative forms of a particular gene that are present at a single locus. |
| Alelle Frequency | the proportion of a specific allele relative to all other alleles in a population |
| Genotype frequency | The proportion of a specific genotype relative to all other genotypes in a population |
| Phenotype frequency | The proportion of a specific phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in a population |
| p+q=1 | For two alleles, present in a population, the relative frequencies are equal to 1 |
| Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Conditions | Random Mating, Infinitely large population, No mutation, No migration into or out of the population, No selection for either trait |
| Assortative Mating | like mating with like, where partners select each other based on a shared trait or characteristic |
| Consanguineous mating | matings between closely related individuals |
| Fixative Genes Can Lead to | Small Population Size |
| Random Genetic Drift | allele frequencies in a population change from one generation to the next due purely to chance |
| Founder effect | Specific alleles that are more rare, become not as rare |
| Bottleneck | deleterious alleles are amplified, when a population decreases then reproduces again |
| Dunker Blood type | example of Founder effect |
| Selection | Differences in reproductive or Genetic Fitness |
| Heterozygote advantage | Hemoglobin S allele confers resistance to malaria |
| CFTR | heterozygote resistant to diarrheal disease |
| HEXA | heterozygote resistant to tuberculosis |
| PAH | heterozygote resistant to abortion caused by fungus |
| Gene Flow | Migration, slow diffusion of alleles across a racial or geographical boundary |
| q^2 | the freq. of homozygotes for the a allele |
| p^2 | the freq. of homozygotes for the A allele |
| 2pq | the freq. of heterozygotes |
| Disease Frequency= (for autosomal recessive) | q^2 |
| Females allele frequency of X-linked genes; genotype frequency | p+q=1; p^2+2pq+q^2=1 |
| Males genotype frequency for X-linked traits; allele frequency | p + q=1; p+q=1 |
| Fitness | the measure of the number of offspring of affected persons who survive to reproductive age. Ranges from 0-1 |
| Coefficient of Selection | 1-f, or s |
| Autosomal dominant traits (mutations equation) | u= sq or u=(1-f)q |
| X-linked recessive if the phenotype is benign | u=sq/3 or u= (1-f)q/3 |
| x-linked genetic lethality, where mutation causes a very deleterious phenotype | 1/3 of all copies of mutant allele will be lost in each generation |
| Coefficient of relationship (def.) | a measure of the proportion of genes shared by two related individuals as a result of their genetic relationship |
| Coefficient of relationship (equation) | 1/2^n |
| Coefficient of Inbreeding (def) | a masure of the probability that a person has received both alleles of a gene from a common ancestor |
| Coefficient of Inbreeding (equation) | 1/2*1/2^n= 1/2^(n+1) |
| Mutually exclusive | either one outcome or the other will occur |
| Independent | when the probability of one event does NOT effect the probability of another event's occurrence |
| Prior probability | The initial probability of an event |
| Conditional probabilities | probabilities determined by observations or posterior information |
| Joint probability | probability resulting from multiplication of the prior probability with each appropriate conditional probability |
| Posterior Probability | Probability resulting from dividing the joint probability for each event, by the sum of the joint probabilities |
| Autosomal dominance risk for passing on mutant allele to offspring | 1/2 |
| Example of delayed onset disease | huntington's |
| Autosomal recessive risk for passing on mutant allele to offspring | 1/4 |
| Autosomal recessive risk for producing children that are heterozygous | 2/3 |
| For sex linked recessive traits, affected males... | daughters will all be carriers |
| Carrier mothers of sex-linked recessive traits | 1/2 of sons will be affected |
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