| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Renaissance | the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world |
| Patron | person who financially supports the arts |
| Bubonic Plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people; it contribute to the downfall of fuedal society |
| Humanism | An intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics. Emphasized human beings, their achievements, interests, and capabilities. |
| Florence | the birthplace of the Renaissance, home to the Medici family |
| Vernacular | The everyday speech of the people; Renaissance authors wrote in __________. |
| Medicis | A great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. Ruled government of Florence from behind the scene. |
| Donatello | Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David |
| Raphael | (1483–1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens |
| Michelangelo | An Italian painter, sculptor, and architect of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Among many achievements in a life of nearly ninety years, Michelangelo sculpted the David and several versions of the Pietà, painted the ceiling and rear wall of the Sistine Chapel, and served as one of the architects of Saint Peter's Basilica, designing its famous dome. He is considered one of the greatest artists of all time |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503). |
| Machiavelli | Wrote "The Prince", a book that recommended harsh and arbitrary rule for princes |
| Albrecht Durer | Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling. (Knight Death, and Devil; Four Apostles) |
| Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441) |
| Peter Bruegel | was Flemish; works include "The Wedding Banquent", "Children at Play", "The Beggers", and "The Wedding" |
| Johann Gutenberg | developed Printing Press and printed the Bible...books became cheaper, easier to produce and more available.. |
| Printing Press | invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects |
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