| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Patron | person who financially supports the arts |
| Protestant | referring to Christian religions that grew out of the Reformation; Christians who are not Catholic or Orthodox; to protest against the Church |
| Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. |
| Indulgences | reduction of the punishment a sinner would suffer in purgatory; Martin Luther was very angry about the selling of _______. |
| Catechism | an elementary book summarizing the principles of a Christian religion, Martin Luther wrote one |
| Peace of Augsburg | 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler |
| Lutheranism | The doctrine that is based off of the ideals and beliefs set forth by Martin Luther |
| Recant | formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure |
| Predestination | Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life. |
| Tulip | John Calvins theoligical beliefs |
| Theocracy | a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided) |
| Presbyterian | a follower of Calvinism |
| Anabaptist | member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be christian and believed in the separation of church and state |
| Anglican | Church of England; started by Henry VIII |
| Globe Theater | Built in 1599, this is a famous theater in London where many of William Shakespeare's best-known plays were first performed |
| William Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616) |
| Counter-Reformation | catholic church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to Strengthen the Catholic Church |
| John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) |
| Spanish Armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power |
| Elizabeth I | daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign the Spanish Armada was defeated |
| Act of Supremacy | Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534 |
| Henry VIII | English king that left the catholic church and started the Church of England |
| Annul | make void or invalid; Henry VIII wanted the Catholic Church to _____his first marriage |
| Heresy | a belief different from accepted doctrine; Martin Luther was convicted of _______. |
| Tithe | a person gives 10% of their income to the Church |
| Nepotism | favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs) |
| Simony | Selling of church offices |
| Excommunication | To be officially kicked out of the Church; Martin Luther was officially _____________ by the Catholic Church |
| Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| 95 Theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences |
| Perspective | an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dementions on a flat surface |
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