| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cognitive | having to do with the process of thinking and understanding |
| psychology | the study of behavior tested through scientific research |
| hypothesis | an assumption about behavior tested through scientific research |
| scientific method | a general approach to gathering information and answering questions that minimizes errors and bias |
| theory | a complex explanation of phenomena based on findings from scientific research |
| structuralist | a psychologist who studied the basic elements of conscious mental experiences |
| functionalist | a psychologist who studied the function (rather than the stucture) of consciouness and how mental processes help people and animals adapt to their environment |
| psychoanalyst | a psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior |
| behaviorist | a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment. |
| psychobiologist | a psychologist who studies the effects that physical and chemical changes have on behavior |
| developmental psychologist | studies physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur over a lifetime |
| educational psychologist | researches topics related to intelligence, memory, problem solving, and motivation with the goal of helping students learn more effectively |
| community psychologist | works primarily in a mental health or social welfare agency |
| clinical psychologist | helps people deal with emotional disturbances |
| experimental psychologist | studies topics such as sensation, perception, and learning in controlled laboratory environments, |
| Sigmund Freud | is associated with psychoanalysis |
| dualism | the idea that the mind and body are separate and distinct |
| Sir Francis Galton | based his theory of inheritable traits on biographies |
| Wilhelm Wundt | is the acknowledged founder of psychology as a separate field of study |
| Ivan Pavlov | identified conditioned reflexes |
| environmental | psychologist studies the effects of overcrowding on humans |
| functionalists | studied the function of consciousness |
| Forensic psychology | applies psychological principles to the legal system |
| basic science | the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake |
| Wilhelm Wundt | established the first psychology laboratory |
| humanistic psychologists | describe human nature as active or creative, |
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