| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mount Olympus | mountain in northern Greece that was the mythical home of the gods in ancient Greece |
| Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) |
| Aesop | Famous slave, did write fables, not all his fables were written by him, any fable that didn't have an author at that time was said to have been written by him |
| Sophocles | writer of plays; used three actors; and made Oedipus Rex, and Antigone |
| Eurpides | play writer the wrote famous tragedys. USed mainly two actors. |
| Pythagoras | Greek philosopher that taught his pupils that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers. As a result he developed many new ideas about mathematics-Phthagorean theorem |
| Sophists | professional teachers in ancient Greece who traveled from city to city teaching others. |
| Socrates | Critic of the Sophists, was condemned to death for "corrupting the youth of Athens" |
| Plato | Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. |
| Herodotus | wrote about persian war, father of history, word history comes from name, 1st to gather facts and write them down |
| Thucydides | Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles |
| Macedonia | the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria |
| Phillip 2nd | King of Macedon; gained control of Greece; believed his destiny to unify Greek city-states and spread Greek culture; left throne to Alexander the Great |
| Demosthenes | one of Athen's finest orators; opposed Philip II and led series of attacks on him; was defeated |
| Battle of Chaeronea | Battle near Thebes in 338 BCE where the Macedonians defeated the Greeks from the various Greek city-states and made them join an alliance against Persia. |
| Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world |
| Hellenistic era | the time started by Alexander the Great (c. 335 BCE) around the Mediteranian and Middle East. Hellenistic means "imitate greeks", and it is called this because the Greeks were spreading their culture in the Middle east and other non-greek eras. It was very big on advancement of science. |
| Theocritus | wrote "little poems" or idylls dealing with erotic themes, lovers' complaints, and above all, pastoral themes expressing his love of nature and his appreciation of nature's beauty |
| Epicureanism | school of thought developed by the philosopher Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; it held that happiness is the chief goal in life, and the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure |
| Myths | a traditional story that deals with the supernatural, ancestors, or heroes |
| Oracle | a shrine where an oracular god is consulted |
| Apollo at Delphi | It was the most famous oracle temple in Greece. |
| Epics | long poems that tell the stories of heroes |
| Lliad | Famous Greek book written by Homer(Trojan Horse) |
| Odyssesy | the first great epics; tells the story of Odysseus |
| Fable | a short moral story (often with animal characters) |
| Drama | A story told by actors who play the characters and reveal the conflict through their actions and dialogue |
| Comedy | light and humorous drama with a happy ending |
| Greek Tragedy | a drama that ends in catastrophe |
| Philosophy | a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school |
| Philosophers | "Lovers of wisdom", a thinker who uses logic and reason |
| Socratic Method | way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves |
| Legacy | (law) a gift of personal property by will |
| Argonautica | story of jason's collection of men to get the Golden Fleece. generation before Illiad |
| Epicurean | devoted to the pursuit of pleasure; fond of good food, comfort, and ease; with discriminating tastes; a person with discriminating tastes |
| Astronomers | people who study stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies |
| Plane Geometry | the geometry of 2-dimensional figures |
| Solid Geometry | the geometry of 3-dimensional space |
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