Chapter 15:Genes and how They Work
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 _____ is a basis for genotype. | DNA |
| Gene expression results in selective ______ of genetic material with production of certain _____ which are expressed as ____. | Gene expression results in selective reading of genetic material with production of certain protein which are expressed as phenotypes. |
| All ___ diploid cells in an organism contain the same Genes (DNA).Which also mean that the ______ are identical. | All diploid cells in an organism contain the same genes(DNA) Which also means that chromosomes are identical |
| DNA is the ______ or Instructions. | DNA is the blueprint or instructions |
| How do genes produce their effects? | Genes produce their effects by specifying the structure of proteins |
| Garrod concluded that inherited orders can be involved by ______ _____. | Garrod included that inherited orders can be involved by specific enzymes |
| Different phenotypes can involve specific _____/____. | Different phenotypes can involve specific proteins/enzymes. |
| Why patients with alkaptonuria have black urine? | Patients lacked enzyme. |
| Genes specify _____. | Genes specify enzymes |
| Explain the hypothesis one gene/one polypeptide. | Enzymes are formed from many polypeptide sub units.A gene encodes the structure of each polypeptide unit |
| Why do cells do different things if they all have the same instructions? | Selective reading of DNA=Gene expression |
| GIve a brief Description of the process of the central dogma of gene expression. | DNA is transcribed to make mRNA ,which is translated to form a protein. |
| Describe the first step of the Central dogma gene expression. | DNA is transcribed,one strand is replicated to make a complementary strand |
| How is the complementary strand synthesized? | It is synthesized in a anti-parallel direction |
| What is transcription? | Making a complementary copy of one strand of DNA into mRNA. |
| What is Translation? | Using the mRNA to direct protein synthesis |
| Gene expression involve 3 kinds RNA,what are they? | mRNA,rRNA,and tRNA |
| How are they three kinds of RNA produced? | They are produced by transcription |
| What is the mRNA,and what is it's function? | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA |
| What is rRNA and what is it's function? | rRNA is ribosomal RNA,makes up majority of ribosomes |
| What is tRNA? | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| Where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes? | Cytoplasm |
| True or False.Translation occurs immediately after transcription in prokaryotes. | False.They occur at the same time. |
| What is RNA polymerase regarding prokaryotes? | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| How does RNA polymerase read DNA regarding prokaryotes? | Reads DNA from one direction. 3' - 5' |
| When DNA is transcribed what nitrogen base is used rather than T in RNA? | Uracil |
| region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | promoter |
| sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | gene |
| process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria | Transformation |
| Virus that infects bacteria | Bacteriophage |
| enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs and proofreads the new double stranded DNA | DNA Polymerase |
| DNA to RNA to Proteins | Central Dogma of Biology |
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