| Term | Definition |
|---|
| mitochondrion | has a double membrane with an intermembrane space |
| cristae | folds of inner membrane that just out into the matrix |
| matrix | innermost compartment filled with a gel-like fluid |
| prep reaction | occurs before citric acid cycle; C3 pyruvate is converted to a C2 acetyl group and CO2 is given off; oxidation reaction--electrons are removed from pyruvate by NAD+ and NADH is formed |
| citric acid cycle | cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of the mitochondria; (C2) acetyl group carried by CoA joins with a C4 molecule resulting in a C6 citrate molecule |
| electron transport chain | located in cristae of mitochondria and plasma membrane of aerobic prokaryotes; series of carries that pass electrons from one to another; electrons that enter are carried by NADH and FADH2; high-energy electrons enter and low-energy electrons leave |
| cytochrome | a protein that has a tightly bound heme group with a central atom of iron, the same as hemoglobin does |
| chemiosmosis | the process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts use the energy of an electron transport chain to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation |
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