unit 2!!!!
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell specialization | the adaption of a cell for a particular function |
| white blood cells | they digest bacteria by releasing enzymes from their lysosomes |
| red blood cells | designed to carry oxygen via hemoglobin proteins |
| sperm | have a whip-like flagella to help them move |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| tissues | group of similiar cells acting together to carry out life process |
| organs | group of tissue working together |
| organ system | group of organs acting together to carry out a spectial life process |
| cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell provides support and protection |
| cell wall | protects and supports the cell |
| chloroplasts | traps light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy |
| cytoplasm | jellylike material |
| smooth ER | enzyme to make membrane lipids and detoxifies of drugs |
| rough ER | transports and modifies proteins |
| midochondria | carries out cellular respiration |
| nucleus | info center |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| lysosomes | in animal cells, trash |
| golgi apparatus | stack of membranes |
| cytoskeleton | microtubials and micrfilaments |
| vacuole | stores water, salts, proteins, and carbs. internal pressure in plants |
| nucleolus | site where ribosomes are synthesized and assembled |
| flagella | whip-like structures made up of microtubials; used for movement |
| cilia | short hairlike structures used in movements |
| chromatin | nuclear DNA is attached to proteins forming long fibers |
| endocytosis | movement of materials into cytoplasm of a cell via membranes vesicles or vacuole |
| phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| diffusion | the tendancy for particles of any kind to spread out evenly in an available space, moving from where they are more concentrates to regions where they are less |
| concentration gradient | and increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area |
| passive transport | the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input of energy |
| faciliated diffusion | passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentrates gradient aided by a specific transport proteins |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectivly permeable membrane |
| isotonic | having the same solute concentration of solutes |
| hypertonic | one with greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | one with lower concentration of solutes |
| osmoregulation | control of gain and loss of water and dissolved solutes |
| plasmolesis | a phenomenon that occurs in plants in a hypertonic solution |
| active transport | movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concenteation gradient |
| exocytosis | movement of materials of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentation gradient |
| homeostasis | maintaining biological balance |
| equilibrium | concentratioh of the solute is the samr throughout the solutioh (molecules evenly spread out) |
| solution | mix of two or more substances |
| solute | substaces dissolved in the solution |
| solvent | substance that dissolved the solute |
| concentration | mass/volume |
| passive transports | do NOT require energy |
| diffusion (again) | molecules are in constant motion. solute particles move from an area of high to low |
| semi-permeable | characteristic of the cell membrane where some things can pass through and others can't |
| dialysis | uses diffusion toseperate small particles from large ones and removes waste from blood |
| faciliated diffusion | not all molecules can pass threough membranes in their own due to their size or charge |
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