| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Consonants can be described as... | place, manner, and voicing |
| place of articulation | tells where a sound is formed. describes where the point of closure or constriction is located. |
| bilabials | Place. made with both lips. p, b, m, w, hw |
| labiodentals | place. made with lower lip and upper teeth. v, f |
| lingua-dentals | place. voiceless th and voiced th. voiceless th- tongue between teeth, thin. voiced th, that, this |
| lingua-alveolars | tongue touches alveolar ridge. t, d, s, z, l, n. place |
| lingua-palatals | place. tongue elevates toward palate. sh, rouge, ch, j, r, l |
| velars | place. elevating lingual dorsum until contacts roof of mouth. k, g, ng, w, hw |
| glottals | place. made at level of vocal folds. h-who, happy. ?-brief closure of vocal folds. ex, anna adams |
| alveolar | most frequent place of articulation |
| 2 voicing contrasts | voiced and voiceless |
| voiced | vocal folds vibrate |
| voiceless | vocal folds don't vibrate. |
| cognate pairs | paired consonants that only differ by being either voiced or unvoiced |
| voiced | what do these have in common?: b, w, v, the, d, z, rouge, j, g |
| voiceless | what do these have in common?: p, hw, f, thin, t, s, sh, ch, k |
| length of preceding vowel | is a major cue for voiced vs. voiceless consonant |
| voice onset time (VOT) | time difference between the release of the stop closure and the beginning of the vocal fold vibrations. |
| prevoiced | when vocal folds vibrate befoe the stop is released. have a negative VOT |
| normal voicing | voicing simultaneous with release of stop. |
| postive value | voicing after release of stop has a (negative/positive) value |
| aspiration | friction noise. stops are _____ if interval before voicing. |
| unaspirated | voiced stops |
| aren't | stops which follow /s/ (are/aren't) aspirated. |
| voiced consonants | vocal fold vibration begins right after release of stop or within 25 ms. |
| voiceless consonants | vocal fold vibration is delayed for about 50ms. |
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