| Term | Definition |
| Food chain | (ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member |
| Food web | (ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains |
| Ecosystem | a network formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment |
| Trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| Producer | an organism that makes its own food |
| Primary consumer | An organism that eats producers |
| Secondary consumer | An organism that eats primary consumers |
| Tertiary consumer | An organism that eats secondary consumers |
| Biomass | the total mass of living matter in a given unit area |
| Efficiency | the percentage of energy that is actually used to perform work |
| Gross primary productivity | The rate at which producers in an ecosystem capture energy |