Psych Chapter 1
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Created by:
ali_junkins on August 31, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Personality Ethic | the idea that some people, the lucky ones, are born to be more successful than others |
| Character Ethic | the idea that assumes success results from effort |
| SQ3R method | survey, question, read, recite, review |
| Psychology | scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Replication | process of repeating a study with different participants and preferably a different investigator to verify research findings |
| Goals of Psychology | describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes |
| Basic Research | research conducted to seek new knowledge and to explore and advance general scientific understanding |
| Applied Research | research conducted specifically for the purpose of solving practical problems and improving the quality of life |
| Introspection | looking inward to examine one's own conscious experience and then reporting that experience |
| Operant Conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
| Psychoanalysis | theory of personality and the theropy for the treatment of psychological disorders; the unconscious is the primary focus |
| Gestalt Psychology | emphasis that individuals percieve ojects and patterns as whole units and percieved whole is more than the sum of its parts |
| Information-Processing Theory | approach to study of mental structures and processes that uses the computer as model for human thinking |
| Neuristic Value | stimulates debate among psychologists and motivates both proponents and opponents of the theory to pursue research related to it |
| Anecdotal Evidence | responding to reports of research on the basis of your own personal experiences |
| Naturalistic Observation | descriptive research method in which researchers observe and record behavior in its natural setting, without attempting to influence or control it |
| Observer Bias | tendency of observers to see what they expect to see |
| Case Study | a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view |
| Population | entire group of interest to researchers, to which they wish to apply their findings |
| Sample | part of a population that is studied in order to reach conclusions about the entire population |
| Representative Sample | mirrors the population of interest; incldes important subgroups in the same proportions as they are found in that proportion |
| Social Desirability Response | desire to put onself in a good light |
| Correlational Method | method used to establish to a degree of relationship between two characteristics, events, or behaviors |
| Correlation Coefficient | numerical value that indicates strength and direction of the relationship between two variables |
| Experimental Method | ONLY research method that can be used to identify cause-effect relationships |
| Variable | any condition or factor hat can be manipulated, controlled, or measured |
| Independent Variable | variable the reasearcher believes causes a change in some other variable |
| Dependent Variable | variable measured at the end, varies per manipulation |
| Experimental Group | participants who are exposed to Independent Variable |
| Control Group | measured on dependent variable at the end of the experiment for comparison |
| Confounding Variables | factors or conditions other than the independent variable that aren't equivalent across groups and could cause differencs among the groups with resect to the dependent variable |
| Selection Bias | when participants are assigned to experimental or control groups in way that systematic differences among the groups are present at the beginning of the experiment |
| Random Assignment | selecting participants by using a chance procedure |
| Double-Blind Technique | neither participant nor researcher knows who is experimental and who is controlled |
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