Public Speaking Test
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 presentation aids | visual and auditory illustrations intended to enhance the clarity and effectiveness of a presentation |
| Advantages of Presentation Aids | 1) Presentation aids increase understanding 2) Good presentation aids make your speech more memorable 3) Presentation aids help establish the authenticity of your words 4) Neat, well-designed presentation aids enhance your credibility 5) Presentation aids can help improve your delivery skills 6) Presentation aids add variety and interest to a speech |
| Disadvantages of Presentation Aids | 1) Presentation aids may distract listeners 2) Presentation aids can distract speakers 3) Presentation aids can reduce eye contact between the speaker and the audience 4) A poor presentation aid can damage your credibility 5) Presentation aids put you at the mercy of the equipment |
| Types of Presentation Aids | People, Objects (should be portable and easy for listeners to see without straining), Models (replica of the object when an object is too large to carry, too small to be easily seen, very rare, expensive, etc.), Graphics (including sketches and maps), Textual Graphics (such as bulleted lists or acronyms), and Pictures (could be distracting or could be striking and have a large impact) |
| graphics | visual representations of information, such as sketches, maps, graphs, charts, and textual materials |
| pie graph | a circle graph that shows the size of a subject's parts in relation to each other and to the whole |
| bar graph | a graph that shows comparisons and contrasts between two or more items or groups |
| line graph | a visual representation of changes across time; especially useful for indicating trends of growth or decline |
| flow chart | a visual method of representing power and responsibility relationships, or describing the steps in a process |
| textual graphics | visuals that contain words, phrases, or numbers |
| bulleted list | a presentation aid that highlights ideas by presenting them as a list of brief statements |
| acronym | a word composed of the initial letters of a series of words |
| flip chart | a large, unlined tablet, usually a newsprint pad, that is placed on an easel so that each page can be flipped over the top when it's full (don't work well in classroom speeches because presentational aid is not polished enough) |
| chalk and marker boards | available in all classrooms, can help clarify, don't use for more than a few seconds or it could be distracting |
| posters | can be used to display pictures, sketches, maps, charts, graphs, or textual graphics |
| handouts | useful when your subject is complex or your message contains a lot of statistical information (pass these handouts after your speech so listeners have something to remind them of what you said) |
| transparencies and slides | allow audiences to see graphics or photographs more easily (make sure room is dark, make sure you can use the equipment) |
| videotapes, dvds, audiotapes, mp3s | can add variety to your presentation; make sure you can work with the technology, make sure they don't "upstage you |
| computer-assisted presentations | the use of commercial presentation software to join audio, visual, textual, graphic, and animated components |
| Deciding What Presentation Media to Use | 1) Use flip charts and chalk or marker boards to adapt to audience feedback 2) Use posters to display maps, charts, graphs, or textual graphics 3) Use handouts to present complex information or statistical data 4) Use transparencies or slides to display graphics or photos to a large audience 5) Use audio and videos to authenticate a point 6) Use computerized materials to make your presentation appear more professional |
| Most annoying elements of PowerPoint presentations | 1) Reading slides to the audience 2) Using text too small to be easily read 3) Writing full sentences instead of bulleted points 4) Making poor color choices that make slides hard to see 5) Using moving or flying text or graphs 6) Interjecting annoying sounds 7) Projecting complex diagrams or charts |
| Follow these directives to avoid PowerPoint problems: | 1) Never substitute a PowerPoint slide show for a speech 2) Do not put your outline on PowerPoint slides and then read it to the audience 3) Be sure your slides are easily to read 4) Keep slides simple by limiting the amt of information on each one 5) Use bulleted points instead of full sentences 6) Don't try to project complex charts or graphs; simply them or distribute them as handouts 7) Avoid overly dramatic techniques such as flying text and startling sound effects |
| Principles of Design | Simplicity, Visibility, Emphasis, and Balance |
| Movie-goers interpretation of colors | Blue: Tender Emotions Green: Playful Yellow: Happy Red: Exciting |
| Financiers interpretations of colors | Blue: Reliable Green: Profitable Yellow: Highlighted/Important Red: Unprofitable |
| Doctors interpretations of colors | Blue: Cold Green: Infection Yellow: Jaundice Red: Hot/radioactive |
| analogous color scheme | colors adjacent on the color wheel; used in a presentation aid to suggest both differences and close relationships among the components |
| complementary color scheme | colors opposite one another on the color wheel; used in a presentation aid to suggest tension and opposition |
| monochromatic color scheme | use of variations of a single color in a presentation aid to convey the idea of variety within unity |
| Checklist for Preparing Presentation Aids | 1) My presentation aid is as simple as I can make it 2) I have limited myself to one major idea per aid 3) I have ample margins at the top, bottom, and sides of my aid 4) My print is large enough to be read from the back of the room 5) My aid emphasizes what I want to emphasize 6) I have good color contrast on my aid 7) I use colors and lettering consistently 8) I have checked for spelling errors |
| Do: Practice using your aids | Don't: Try to "wing it" using your aids |
| Do: Display aids when referring to them | Don't: Leave aids in view throughout the speech |
| Do: Stand to the side of aid as you speak | Don't: Stand in front of the aid as you speak |
| Do: Point to what is important on aid | Don't: Make listeners search for what's important |
| Do: Maintain eye contact with listeners | Don't: Deliver your speech to your aid |
| Do: Distribute handouts after your speech | Don't: Distribute handouts during speech |
| Do: Limit the number of aids in your speech | Don't: Become a voice-over for a slide show |
| Ethical Considerations for Using Presentation Aids | Don't rig graphs so that they misrepresent reality, remember to credit all of your sources, don't use pictures that are fabrications, etc. |
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