| Term | Definition |
|---|
| carbohydrates | macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; used for quick energy and energy storage |
| mononsaccharides | single sugars; often containing 5 or 6 carbons |
| polysaccharides | many sugars, includes starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin |
| glucose | 6-carbon sugar used as fuel for cell |
| fructose | 6-carbon sugar, found in fruit |
| galactose | 6-carbon sugar found in lactose |
| ribose | 5-carbon sugar found in RNA |
| deoxyribose | 5-carbon sugar found in DNA |
| sucrose | table sugar |
| sucrose | composed of glucose and fructose |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| lactose | composed of glucose and galactose |
| maltose | malt sugar; composed of two glucoses |
| starch | plant polysaccharide used to store excess glucoses; spiral shaped |
| glycogen | animal polysaccharide used to store excess glucoses; found in liver and muscle |
| cellulose | plant polysaccharide found in cell walls; indigestible by animals |
| chitin | polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods |
| dehydration synthesis | reaction used to make disaccharides and polysaccharides from monosaccharides |
| hydrolysis | reaction used to break down polysaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides |
| straight-chain | typical structure of monosaccharides in dry form |
| ring-shaped | typical structure of monosaccharides when dissolved in water |
| energy | carbohydrates are short term _____ storage |
| polar, water | carbohydrates are --, and dissolve in -- |
| disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides |
| glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin | 4 common polysaccharides found in living things |
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