Chapter 5
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Created by:
destiny0fall on October 28, 2009
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Discontinuous Variation | phenotypes that fall into distinct, nonoverlapping classes |
| Continuous Variation | traits fall into a series of overlapping classes and are often controlled by multiple gene pairs |
| Polygenic Traits | are determined by two or more genes and are quantified by measurement rather than counting |
| Multifactorial Traits | are determined by multiple genes and show significant interactions with the environment |
| Complex Traits | the level of contribution by multiple genes and the environment are unknown |
| Polygenic Traits are best analyzed in | populations, not individuals |
| Depression Gene | polygenic trait in which individuals have a shortened version of a serotonin receptor, leading to a higher propensity to for depression |
| Eye Color | is an example of a polygenic trait |
| As the number of loci increases, the number of phenotypic classes | increases and there is of a difference between classes |
| Regression to the Mean | the tendency of parents with extreme differences in phenotype to produce children that show an average of the two |
| Additive Genes | each contribute a small amount to the phenotype [multifactorial] |
| Threshold Model | while the bell curve shows a propensity for a phenotype, the individual is only affected if they are above a certain point of liability |
| Heritability | statistical expression of how much of the observed variation is due to differences in the genotype |
| Genetic Variance | phenotypic variation caused by different genotypes |
| Environmental Variance | phenotypic variation caused by differences in environment |
| Fingerprints | used to measure heritability, dermal ridges are influenced by subtle environmental differences in the first 3 months of development |
| Monozygotic Twins | identical |
| Dizygotic Twins | fraternal |
| Concordance | agreement between traits displayed by twins, which is a way of determining heritability. Greater difference means greater heritability |
| Skin Color | is an example of a multifactoral trait |
| IQ | is heritable but not proven to be a reliable measure of intelligence |
| General Cognitive Ability | includes characteristics such as memory, speed of perception, verbal and spacial abilities, and reasoning |
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