| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Martin Luther | Professor of Theology and Augustinian Friar, wrote the 95 Theses, wanted to minimize importance of works |
| Johann Tetzel | Dominican, wanted to rebuild St. Peter's, sold indulgences |
| Indulgences | Made remission of temporal punishment for sins, church claimed authority to grant |
| Ulrich Zwingli | German, began reform in Zurich, founded Protestantism, lead to Anabaptists |
| John Calvin | Parallelled Luther, founded Protestantism, organized City of God in Geneva, wrote Institutes of the Christan Religion, Predestination, believed in purging the church of images |
| John Knox | Founded Presbyterians which led to the Church of Scotland |
| Brethren of the Common Life | Started a Catholic renewal in the Low Countries, preached self-discipline, founded by humanists, followed monastic order without religious vows |
| Henry VIII | Wanted to end marriage to Catherine of Aragon because she couldn't produce a male heir, led to the Church of England, Henry closes monasteries and sells their land, kills those who opposses him (Thomas More), marries Anne Boleyn |
| Anne Boleyn | Marries Henry VIII in order to produce him a male heir |
| Act of Supremacy | Made the king the supreme head of the Church of England |
| Anabaptists | Part of the radical sects, believed a person was their own pastor, 2 types = baptist and quakers |
| Michael Servetus | Creator of Unitarianism, oppossed infant baptism, wanted to reconcile Muslim and Jewish traditions, burned at the stake for heresy |
| Unitarianism | Rejection of the Trinity, said that Christ is simple an inspired human being, MYSTICAL |
| Predestination | God determines fate, Elect and Reprobate, displayed in Calvin's "Articles Concerning Predestination" |
| Jesuits | Society of Jesus, formed by Loyola, took a vox of chastity, went to foreign lands in Europe and Asia to convert to Catholocism, rules displayed in "Spiritual Excercise" |
| Index | Issued by Council of Trent, lists books Catholics couldn't read because of peril to their faith, included Machiavelli, Boccaccio, and Luther |
| Council of Trent | Reaffirmed indulgences, used to proved a chance of reconciliation with Protestant, not accepted in France |
| Inquisition | Inquired into faith/correctness of view of people considered to be Christians, most active in Italy, Spain, and Portugal |
| Radicals | Combination of pacifist principles and readiness to fight |
| Thomas a Kempis | wrote Imitation of Christ, one of the Brethren of the Common Life |
| Girolamo Savonarola | Dominican Friar, "predicted" the future, organized children to collect vanities and burn them, burned and hanged for heresy |
| Frederick the Wise | Protected Luther when he was being threatened to be arrested, |
| Thomas More | Advisor to Henry VIII, executed for disagreeing with the kings religious views |
| Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor (1519) and King of Spain, Luther threatened his powers so he decided to fight, Charles defeated the League in 1547 and accepted the Peace of Augsburg |
| The Elect | Calvinist followers who were chosen by God to go to Heaven (predestination) |
| Simony | The sin of giving gifts or paying money to get a church office |
| Justification by Faith | Idea conceived by Luther, more important than good works, the clergy, or rituals done through the church |
| Institutes of the Christian Religion | Written by Calvin, laid the foundation for Protestantism |
| Imitation of Christ | Used mystical terms to address the inner life of the individual, written by Thomas a Kempis |
| Peace of Augsburg | Created in 1555 to bring the religious sturggle between Charles V and the Leagur of Schmalkalden, established that religion in a state would be chosen by the states prince |
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