| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What is happening in the UP? | Population growing dramatically. Capacity to support larger populations. Why would they want to support larger populations? Intensive amounts of work requiring the cooperation of numerous people for one specific scheduled event. Proliferation of ornamentation. |
| Blomboz | East Africa. 75,000 years ago. Middle Paleolithic. Shell jewelry. |
| Jewelry | Form of symbolic communication.If people know what your jewelry means in the context of the culture, you are capable of sending social information to them. Place yourself within the social system to some degree with the kind of jewelry you wear without saying anything. Jewelry helps to place people in a general sense within social networks to avoid the danger of miscommunication. Especially with larger groups that only meet once or twice year. |
| Trade | People used to move to the sources they needed and get everything that way. NOW, more people, more people packed into smaller territories and joining each other. Now it's unlikely that you'll find everything you need within your territory. You can't move people to the raw materials as easily, because you would have to travel through other peoples' lands, and you'd have to negotiate the right to move with other people. Goods moving long distances through a number of short steps. |
| What do you need in order to trade? | To trade, need some means of communicating from one group or another in order to make yourself understood. MUTUALLY UNDERSTOOD LANGUAGES |
| TRADE | Making tangible, obvious, clear what are really abstract social connections. Expectations you have of people by virtue of their connection to them socially. Economic process, but at the same time the expansion of trade is embedded in and expresses social interactions. Probably driven by social obligations more than economic calculations. |
| Cave Art | Found N spain/ S france { 32,000 and 17,000-12,000 years ago). |
| Donlni Vestonice | Chezch republic. Focal adapatation involving hunting of reindeer, horse, mammoth. |
| Sympathetic Magic | Trying through ritual to capture the animal's essence. By capturing its escense, what you enact on it ritually will happen to it in the real world. |
| What could cave art mean? | going on at the backs of caves, most difficult to reach. Always pitch black. Only way you can see what's going on is by torchlight. Paintings not simply pragmatic records; meant to be dramatic, hard to get to, dramatic when viewed. Initiation ceremonies? Footprints of late adolescents + early teenagers. |
| Equifinality | Multiple interpretations of the same phenomena, but you can't decide from the evidence which is the most likely. Many feasible interperetations that match what we know; not enough eveidence to exclude some and include others. Problem we deal with whenver something has to do with meaning. We can't talk to the people, must base the interpretation on the patterning of the material. |
| Axis Mundi | ☺ Supernatural world—power and danger, if you don't approach it safely it is dangerous. Axis mundi place where you approach the supernatural world. We find a few caves being used for thousands of years—deemed particularly sacred. Sometimes multiple animals superimposed—some spots on cave walls—particularly sacred. |
| Sungir | Eastern Europe. Most everyone put in the ground with something. Older woman buried with thousands of shells. Pattern they form on the body suggests they were originally sewn onto a cloak. Presumably this person wore this cloak in life and stood out from everybody else. |
| What does Sungir lady mean? | Probably she occupied a leadership / influential position. People probably did what she said / recommended. No evidence of class or power exercised by coersion. More likely that some people were achieving respect and influence over the course of their lives. Leaders emerging w/in groups. Male and female. Older people who had achieved over time experience that set them apart from everyone else. No evidence of this earlier |
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