| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Lecompton Constitution | Pro-slavery of 1855, but opposed by large majority of settlers. It protected rights of slaveholders, allowed voters the choice of allowing more slaves in the territory. It was boycotted by freesoilers, fraudulent votes, it was endorsed by Buchanan but never got off the ground, Kansas was admitted a free state in 1861. |
| Stephen Douglas | Northern, Democrat. In a series of debates with Lincoln from Illinois, Douglas's FREEPORT DOCTRINE states territory legislatures can bar slavery by not enforcing such a law or not enforcing slavery laws. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican IL, (former Whig) |
| Young America | Expansionist raids into Latin America 1850's. Those (William Walker) dedicated to continuing national mission for the world and expand the republic. |
| Ostendmanifesto | Expansionist effort in Central America, e.g. pressure to Spain to sell Cuba to the US in 1854, reinforced image of Democratic party favoring slavery |
| Wilmott Proviso | David Wilmott, Penn. Congressman, Dem.,-no slaves or indentured servants from land acquired from Mexico. Brought slavery to the fore in politics when war ended. |
| Who were Free Soilers | New party, reaction to proviso, idea was no "expansion" of slavery. Concept= free men of soil, were superior to slaves. Other movitive= Competition (didn't want) with slaves. Wilmott Proviso became rallying cry despite the fact it didn't pass. |
| John Calhoun | Senetor of South Carolina argued unconstitutional to exclude slavery, same with Mo. Comp. anything barring slaveholding. They had eyes on west for cotton cultivation which included slaves. |
| Zachary Taylor | (Whig) elected, slaveholder from La. Southern Whigs voted because he understood slavery, northern because he didn't take side on the W. Proviso. |
| Compromise 1850 | Couldn't avoid slavery any longer: 4 issues faced the nation. 1) Gold miners-CA, entry would tip the balance 2) Longer co. waited people would chose the WP or Calhoun doctrine 3) Huge slave pop. in D.C. 4) Southerners wanted new Fugitive slave law, old one too lax. |
| Calif and NM | invited to come in as free states-alienated southers and Whigs. |
| Henry Clay | Whig Party- Proposed solutions but died- Stephen Douglas slightly altered them and got them through individually, and they passed. |
| Comp 1850 | 1) Calif is free state, ending balance of free and slave states 2) territorial governements organized in NM and Utah, letting local gov. decide slavery 3) Texas NM border decided (denying Tex) the disputed area. Fed gov gave 10 mil+ 3) slave trade (not slavery) abolished in DC 4) New fugitive Slave Act, 5 fine for setting a fug. free, paid $10 to catch a fug. |
| 1854 | Kansas Nebraska Act |
| Nativism | increasing immigration damaged Whig party, alarmed Americans. Protestants were afraid of too many Catholics for their belief in the Pope. |
| Republican | drawn from "conscience" Whigs and disaffected Democrats, includ. ex Free Soilers. Republicans combined 1) Moral ferver 2)Anti Slavery but not interfere with it 3) small business 4) Cleanse America-schools, religion, temperance in the south also emphasized Home and family |
| No nothing party | Against immigrants and catholics especially, they "knew nothing" about the secret group. Appealed to mid and lower classes. |
| Bleeding Kansas | 1855-56-Competing for Kansas; civil war in Kansas that occured in 1856 following the sack of Lawrence and the massacre of Pottawatomie Creek; Senator Sumner physically attacked in Senate; (foretaste of Civil War) |
| Dred Scott Case | 1857 Supreme Ct decision of 1857 which declared slaves were not citizens and that Mo. Comp was unconst. |
| John Brown's Raid | 1859 Harpers Ferry-Abolishionist John Brown stages raid on Harpers Ferry VA, in hopes of starting slave revolt. It fails. |
| 1860 | Abraham Lincoln elected President |
| 1861 | Confederate States of America founded, attack on Ft Sumter begins. |
| Whigs | Moderniziation, protectionism, congressional, rather than presidential dominance. Founded 1833 Dissolved 1856. Preceded by National Republican Party, Anti Masonic Party. |
| John Quincy Adams | Whig (John Adams, Hamilton were Federalist Party) |
| Democrats | Jackson, Calhoun, Martin Van Buren |
| Democrats beliefs | State and local autonomy, oppose monopoly and privilege, low land prices and tariffs, freedom from government interference. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Measure introduced by Stephen Douglas, passed 1854 which organized lands west of Missouri on the basis of pop. sov., thus negating the Missouri Compromise. |
| Uncle Toms Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, outraged southerners. |
| Free Soil | Represents not open to expansion of slavery, Republicans and Free Soil parties. |
| William Walker | Noted Filibuster leader who invaded lower CA 1853, was executed in 1860 following invasion of Honduras. |
| Crime against Kansas | Charles Sumners speech of 1856 that attacked the South as violent and immoral. He was caned by an outrage southerner for remarks. |
| Massachus. Emig. Aid Society | New England organiation established to recruit free-soil settlers for Kansas. |
| Slave Power | Northern view that arrogant planter elite was conspiring to control the fed. gov. in order to protect and extend the institution of slavery. |
| The Gladsten Purchase | Area of New Mex and AZ which was bought by the US from Mex in 1853 in order to build a transcontinental railroad linking the Deep South with the Pacific coast. |
| Beechers Bibles | Guns provided young men who went to fight for free soil in Kansas. |
| Democratic party splits. | Southern members walk out of the nominating convention to protest Douglas" mollifying "free" states. |
| Abraham Lincoln | 1860 elected president. |
| Crittenden Compromise | 1860 the proposal to resolve secession crisis, fails. |
| SC secedes from the Union | 1860 |
| Confederate States of America | MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC and TN join SC in secession, 1861. |
| Jefferson Davis President | 1861 |
| Kansas enters Union | 1861 as a free state. |
| Abe Lincoln sends supplies to Fort Sumter 1861 | Given a choice to attack or on the fort or submission, the Carolinians attack. CIVIL WAR BEGINS. |
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