| Term | Definition |
|---|
| T, infact insects have very efficient respiratory system, and have trachoids throughout body, providing direct contact between air and cells of body | T/F Insects have respiratory system |
| T | T/F lungs do not have any muscles |
| thorasic cage skeletal muscle | which skeletal muscle controls the movement of lungs? |
| diaphragm contraction | contracts the lungs by descending down |
| diaphragm relaxation | contracts the lungs by rising the diaphragm |
| diaphramatic breathing | quiet respiration aka __ |
| positive, lower, expands | When inhaling, there is a __ pressure in the lungs, ___ (lower/higher) pressure than the atm. The lungs then __(expands/contracts) |
| raising the rib cage, and descend the diaphragm | There are two ways of expanding the lungs they are: |
| expands | the rib cage __ as the rib muscles contracts |
| smaller | Rib cage gets ___ as rib cage mucles relax |
| negative, higher, out | When exhaling, there is a __ pressure where the air pressure in the lungs is ___ than the atm pressure, in the air is forced ___ (in/out) |
| because the respiratory systems inspire and expire in a way that they breath in fresh air at all times dur to its trachea and lungs arrangement. All old air are expanded, and the lungs receive all fresh air | Why are birds' respiratory systems more advanced? |
| in --> trachea --> posterior air sacs --> lungs --> anterior air sacs --> out | In the bird's respiratory system, describe the pathway fo the air |
| minute volume = tidal volume X respiratory rate EX: 500 ml/breath X 12 breath = 6000 ml/min | equation for minute volume (ml/min) |
| 6 | At rest, we breath about ___ L/min |
| in the alveoli in lungs | Where do gasses exchange? |
| large alveolar surface area, and extremely thin alveolar membrane | what are the specialized adaptations for air exchange in mammals? |
| oxygen: 21%, N2: 79% CO2: <0.1% | composition of atm air |
| soluble | CO2 is more __ than both water and O2 |
| HCO3- (first into H2CO3 but bicarbonate immediately dissociates into carbonic acid) | combined with hemoglobin, CO2 turns into which compound |
| carbonic anhydrase | which enzyme converts CO2 + H20 into H2CO3 |
| higher | Fetus have hemoglobins that have a ___ affinity for blood to maintain fetal homeostasis and to ensure tis own survival |
| oxygen and H+ | Hemoglobin can bind to __ and __ |
| a region in the medulla oblongata | where are the CO2 sensors located in the body which regulates respiration |
| reduce | Need to ___ (oxiduce/reduce) Fe in order to bind and debind O2 |
| 1) 7% CO2 is transport in solution 2) 23% binds to amino end of hemoglobin 3) 70% transported in blood HCO3- | there are 3 ways CO2 is tranported |
| EX: eating too many hot dogs - hot dogs contains nitrite - an oxidant | how can you get too much oxidants? |
| brown | oxidized blood in __ color |
| In the aorta which samples blood to the heart and in the carotid arteries, which sample blood to the brain | Where are the O2 sensors in the body |
Combine with other sets
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