| Term | Definition |
|---|
| prokaryote | A cell without a nucleus |
| Bacteria | This is an example of a prokaryote |
| Eukaryote | a cell with a nucleus |
| Plant and Animal Cell | 2 Examples of Eukaryotic Cells |
| cell, tissue, organ, organ system | List the levels of cellular organization in order from smallest to largest |
| cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell membrane | made up of a phospholipid bilayer |
| cell wall | found in plant cells only and it is located outside of the cell membrane |
| cell membrane | this is composed of mostly cellulose a polysaccharide |
| chloroplasts | organelle found in plant cells only its function is to trap light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy during photosynthesis |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like material made of water, NaCl, and organic material; it is constantly in motion and it contains organelles |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | organelle that consists of an interconnected membrane network of folded sacs and tunnel; no ribosomes; contains a collection of enzymes to make membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | ribosomes are found on the surface of this organelle |
| mitochondria | this organelle carries out cellular respiration |
| nucleus | this is the information center of the cell or the "brains" of the cell; it directs all cell activities |
| nucleus | this part of the cell contains chromatin (DNA + protein) |
| ribosomes | organelle that is the site of protein synthesis |
| lysosome | small organelle that contains enzymes that digest food particles, broken cell parts, and bacteria that are trapped by white blood cells |
| lysosome | small organelle that are used for clean up and waste management |
| golgi body | organelle that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| cytoskeleton | this shapes and supports the cell and is involved in movement; it is made up of microtubules and microfilaments |
| cytoskeleton | this is made up of microtubules and microfilaments |
| vacuole | stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates and creates internal pressure in plants |
| nucleolus | site where ribosomes are synthesized (made) and assembled |
| flagella | whip like structures made up of microtubules; they are used for movement |
| cilia | short, hair like structures that are used for movement |
| heart, blood vessels, and blood | the three parts of the cardiovascular system |
| blood | this transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body |
| the size of my closed fist | how large is your heart? |
| pericardium | protective sac that encloses the heart |
| myocardium | middle layer of the heart wall; powerful contractions pump blood through the cardiovascular system |
| 72 | the average heart beats how many times per minute? |
| septum | divides the heart into the right and left sides and prevents the mixing of oxygen poor and oxygen rich blood |
| atrium | the upper chamber of the heart |
| atria | the plural of atrium |
| atrium | part of the heart that receives blood from the rest of the body and lungs |
| ventricle | the lower chamber of the heart |
| ventricle | this part of the heart pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body and to the lungs |
| closed system | blood flows under pressure inside a system of vessels |
| pulmonary circulation | the right side of the heart that pumps the blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | in the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood (and is exhaled) and oxygen diffuses into blood (oxygen-rich blood) and goes back to the heart |
| systemic circulation | oxygen-rich blood flowing into the left side of the heart and is pumped to the rest of the body |
| veins, right atrium, inferior | the pumping of the heart is a repetitive cycle which begins when blood from the __________ enters the ____________ _____________ through the superior and _________________ vena cava |
| right ventricle | when the right atrium fills with blood, it contracts and pumps the blood into the ___________ __________________ |
| pulmonary artery | the right ventricle contracts and pumps blood through the _____________ _____________ to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | from the lungs blood travels back to the heart through the ________________ ________________ |
| left atrium | from the pulmonary vein blood travels to the ____________ ________________ |
| aorta | from the left ventricle blood travels to the _________________ |
| SA node | the normal pacemaker of the heart |
| AV node | nerve impulses travel from the SA node to the__________ node |
| oxygen | heart rate will increase with exercise due to a greater need for what? |
| aorta | largest blood vessel, contains the highest pressure, and is located after the left ventricle |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart; most contain oxygen-rich blood |
| capillaries | smalles vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells and absorb/ remove carbon dioxide and wastes from cells |
| veins | carry blood toward the heart; most contain oxygen-poor blood |
| veins | these vessels contain valves to prevent the back-flow of blood |
| varicose veins | high blood pressure in legs causs veins to stretch and valves in veins no longer close tightly. This causes blood to pool in the veins. |
| blood pressure | this increases when the heart is contracting and decreases when the heart is relaxing |
| high blood pressure | this can cause the heart to work harder and can weaken and damage the heart muscle and blood vessels |
| heart attack and stroke | high blood pressure can increase the risk of two things, what are they? |
| atherosclerosis | condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries |
| exercise, good diet, don't smoke, reduce stress | what are four things you can do to to avoid cardiovascular disease |
| 4-6 | the human body contains ___________ liters of blood |
| plasma | straw colored fluid in blood that suspends the blood cells |
| plasma | makes up 55% of blood |
| plasma | this part of blood made of 90% water, and 10% of dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins |
| blood cells | makes up 45% of blood volume |
| red blood cells | disc shaped cells specialized for flowing through hollow tubes; contain hemoglobin for carrying oxygen |
| hemoglobin | a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues |
| red blood cells | these blood cells have a life span of approximately 120 days |
| red blood cells | these are blood cells that contain no nuclei because when they become filled with hemoglobin their nuclei and other organelles are forced out |
| liver and spleen | after red blood cells become worn out they are destroyed in these two organs |
| white blood cells | blood cells that contain nuclei |
| white blood cells | blood cells that are considered the army of the cardiovascular system because they guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria |
| white blood cells | these blood cells may live for days, months, or even years |
| platelets | these are specialized cells in the blood that are responsible for clotting |
| hemophilia | a genetic disorder where the blood does not clot |
| plasma | 55% of the blood is made up of this |
| red blood cells | 45% of the blood is made up of this |
| white blood cells and platelets | less than 1% of the blood is made up of this |
| atherosclerosis | plaque can block your arteries, causing no oxygen and nutrients to be able to get to certain parts of the heart and then a part of the heart will die, what causes this? |
| homeostasis | maintaining a biological balance |
| in, out | to maintain balance, cells control and regulate movement _____ and _______ of the cell |
| equilibrium | concentration of the solute is the same throughout the solution (molecules are evenly spread out) |
| solution | mixture of two substances |
| solution | solute + solvent |
| solute | substances dissolved in the solution |
| solvent | substance that dissolves the solute |
| concentration | the mass of the solute in a given volume of solution to figure this out take the mass and divide it by the volume |
| passive transport | a type of cell transport that does not require energy |
| diffusion | when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; movement is down the concentration gradient |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration between two area |
| semi-permeable | characteristic of the cell membrane where some things can pass through and others can't |
| semi-permeable | oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily pass through the cell membrane because the cell membrane is ________-_______________________ |
| dialysis | uses diffusion to separate small particles from large ones and removes wastes from blood; this is used when people have kidney failure |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane with the help of passive carriers (carrier proteins) |
| facilitated diffusion | when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of passive carriers (carrier proteins) |
| too large or charged | What are two reasons cells need carrier proteins (why can't these molecules get in without the help of passive carriers (carrier proteins?) |
| facilitated diffusion | speeds up diffusion by helping particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| osmosis | water molecules diffusing across a membrane |
| osmosis | when water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration across a cell membrane |
| osmotic pressure | this type of pressure gives cells their shape |
| isotonic solution | a solution in which the solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell |
| isotonic solution | a solution in which water moves into and out of the cell at an equal rate |
| hypotonic solution | when the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than the solute concentration outside of the cell |
| hypertonic solution | solute concentration is greater outside of the cell |
| hypertonic solution | when the solute concentration outside the cell has a higher concentration than the concentration in the cell |
| hypotonic solution | when the cell swells |
| hypertonic solution | when water moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks |
| hypotonic solution | when water moves inside of the cell and the cell swells |
| turgor pressure | the amount of pressure inside of cells is known as what? |
| high | when water moves into the cell the pressure inside the cell is _________ |
| low | when water moves out of the cell the pressure inside the cell is _________ |
| filtration | forced movement of molecules through membranes |
| escharotomy | procedure to reduce edema in burn victims |
| edema | excess tissue fluid |
| active transport | a type of transport that requires energy |
| active transport | when substances in a cell moves from an area o flow concentration to high concentration |
| active transport | _________________transport transports sugars, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, and hydrogen ions |
| endocytosis and exocytosis | what are the two types of active transport? |
| 40 | active transport uses _____ % of the cells total energy |
| endocytosis | this type of active transport brings substances too large to pass through the membrane into the cell |
| exocytosis | this type of active transport is when large molecules move out of the cell |
| pinocytosis and phagocytosis | what are two types of endocytosis |
| pinocytosis | brings solutes or fluids into a cell (uses energy) |
| phagocytosis | brings large food particles or whole microorganisms into the cell (uses energy) |
| active transport | endocytosis is a type of what? |
| active transport | this type of transport requires energy? |
| active transport | exocytosis is a type of what? |
| endocytosis | pinocytosis and phagocytosis are two types of? |
| contractile vacuoles | in fresh water, one celled organisms rid excess water by what organelle? |
| capillaries | blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells of the body |
| cell theory | The following statements make up what? 1-all living things are made of cells 2-the cell is the basic unit of life 3-cells only come from other cells |
| white blood cells | when you get an infection the number of ___________ cells in your blood will increase |
| mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell |
| red blood cells | these blood cells transport oxygen |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace