Sociology 200 - Chapter 8
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 rousseau's ideas on social stratification | private property leads to social inequality |
| ferguson & miller were part of the | scottish enlightenment |
| ferguson & miller's ideas on social stratification | private property leads to social inequality |
| how did people react to rousseau, ferguson & miller? | they thought it was fine because it promoted motivation |
| hagle's ideas on social stratification | social relationships are inherently master/slave, leading to inherent inequality that he predicted would lessen as slavery petered out |
| ontological equality | study of the nature of being; in god's eyes, everyone is equal |
| equality of opportunity | everyone has the same opportunities to achieve their goals |
| equality of condition | everyone has the same standard of living, leveling out the playing field - affirmative action |
| equality of outcome | the government provides everyone with identical shelter, food, etc. |
| what three things all lead to social stratification? | property, prestige, power |
| ideology | a belief that renders legitimate the pattern of social interaction and organization |
| classicism | equal opportunity but not equal acquisition |
| characteristics of a closed system | ascribed, no social mobility, no choice on marriage, occupation, or degree of social contact with members of other castes |
| characteristics of an open system | achieved, opportunity for social movility, more choice |
| deficiency theory | difference due to abilities |
| davis-moore theory | positions of greatest importance and complexity are best rewarded, and these unequal rewards ensure that the most important positions are filled by the most qualified |
| critiques of the davis-moore theory | age, gender, and race all inhibit achievement, celebrities, nurses, principals, new doctors |
| marx's theory on stratification | surplus leads to stratification as the bourgeoisie try to hold on to their advantages and the proletariat eventually start a revolution to improve their position |
| meritocracy | social stratification based on personal merit |
| status consistency | the degree of uniformity in a person's social standing across various dimensions of social inequality |
| was the ussr classless? | no; jobs were still categorized by importance and were assigned different powers |
| structural social mobility | a shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in society itself than to individual efforts |
| weber's three dimensions of inequality | class position, status, power |
| how did weber view class position? | as a continuum rather than well-defined categories |
| s/f view of social stratification | a system of unequal rewards that benefits society as a whole |
| s/f's reason for our social position | social position relfects personal talents and abilities in a competitive economy |
| s/f view of how fair unequal rewards are | unequal rewards boost economic production by encouraging people to work harder and try new ideas; linking greater rewards to more important work is widely accepted |
| s/c view of social stratification | a division of a society's resources that benefits some and harms others |
| s/c's reason for our social position | social position reflects the way society divides resources |
| s/c: are unequal rewards fair? | no, unequal rewards only serve to divide society, there is a widespread opposition to social inequality |
| s/i view of social stratification | a factor that guides people's interactions in every day life |
| s/i's reason for our social position | the products we consume all say something about social position |
| s/i: are unequal rewards fair? | maybe; people may or may not define inequality as fair; people may view their social position as a measure of self-worth, justifying inequality in terms of personal differences |
| kuznets curve | stratification was low in hunting and gethering societies and gradually increased through horticultural, pastoral, and agrarian societies; with industrial societies, stratification again lessened but has risen with post-industrial society |
| who are the poor in the us? | children and young adults, white people (straight numbers), blacks (percentage wise), women, rural dwellers |
| feminization of poverty | the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor |
| social stratification | a system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy so that some people have more money, power, and prestige than others |
| is social stratification a trait of society or a reflection of individual differences? | a trait of society |
| in caste systems, people are rewarded for | performing the duties of their position at birth |
| did marx like capitalism? | no |
| socioeconomic status | a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality |
| conspicuous consumption | buying and using products because of the statement they make about social position |
| relative poverty | the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more |
| absolute poverty | a lack of resources that i life-threatening |
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