| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Types of cell transport | Passive, Active, and Pocket |
| Ribosome | protein, free or bound, in both eukaryote and prokaryote, |
| Golgi Body | Exports protein from cell |
| Cell Membrane | transport, phospholipids, protein embedded on outside |
| Cell Wall | Cellulose, protection, Not in animal cells |
| Cytosol | "broth", fluid surrounding internal organelles |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | creates cell membrane, steroids, proteins for exports, and detoxifies |
| Lysosome | recycles organelles |
| centriole | present during mitosis as anchor for cytoskeleton |
| cytoskeleton | railroad track, internal, moves organelles around |
| Cilia and Flagella | Movement, cilia moves things past cell, flagella moves actual cell |
| Nucleus | contains DNA |
| Chloroplast | photosynthesis, in plants |
| Prokaryote | no nucleus, 1/10 size of eukaryote, lacks most organelles |
| Eukaryote | conatains most organelles, 10X larger than prokaryote |
| Cell Theory | 1. All cells come from other cells 2. Cells make up all living things |
| Hypertonic | More solute than something else (comparative) |
| Hypotonic | less solute than something else (comparative) |
| Isotonic | Even balance of solute |
| Water will flow from __ to __ | from Hypotonic to Hypertonic |
| Solute will move ___ | Will not move because of selectively permeable membrane |
| Cells are Small because... | The smaller the cell the more efficient |
| Interphase | G1: Growth S: Synthesis- double chromatids G2: Growth, double organelles, not part of mitosis |
| Prophase | 1st real stage of mitosis, nucleus dissolves, chromosomes condense |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in middle, entrioles appear at either pole, Cytoskeleton (spindle fibers) attaches to chromatids at centromere |
| Anaphase | Centromere dissolves, sister chromatids separate and "walk" along cytoskeleton to separate poles of the cell |
| Telophase | sister chromatids on opposite poles of cell, Spindle fibers disappear, Nuclei reform in poles of the cell, middle of membrane pinches in |
| Cytokinesis | Not a full phase, 1/2 a phase (doesn't involve DNA), cell pinches further and splits into two separate cells |
| Chemical Cell Communication | reception of molecules |
| Physical Cell Communication | membranes touch- see density (if dense, do not divide) |
| Contact Inhibition | if surrounded by other cells, has contact inhibition and WILL NTO DIVIDE if not surrounded by other cells, doesn't have contact inhibition and WILL DIVIDE |
| Failure to Regulate Mitosis | Contact inhibition regulated by genes, these genes can lose ability to regulate, divide too fast/too often= TUMORS |
| Benign Tumor | Cancerous, but not considered cancer, invades single tissue and generally doesn't spread |
| Malignant | invades multiple layers of tissue and spreads (metastasize), cancer |
| 3 Problems with cancerous cells | 1. Divide out of control 2. Lack Coordinated movement 3. Lack correct jobs |
| Tumor Suppressor Gene | "brake"- tells cell when to not divide |
| Oncogene | "gas"- starts mitosis, tells cell when to divide |
| Law of Diffusion | Particles will naturally travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | part of passive transport- occurs in a liquid environment through a selectively permeable membrane- No energy needed |
| Facilitated Transport | proteins in membrane provide channels for particles- No Energy needed |
| Chromosome - Chromatin- Chromatid Relationship | Chromosomes are made of 1 or 2 rods called chromatid which are made up of chromatin ( 2 rods after synthesis and before anaphase) |
| Centromere | where two chromatids that make up one chromosome touch |
Combine with other sets
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