APUSH Unit 2: Colonization 1607-1753 Vocab
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anne Hutchinson | A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Pocasset ( now Portsmouth, R.I.) |
| Covenant | A signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action |
| Bacon's Rebellion | An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. |
| Dominion of New England | 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros |
| Act of Toleration | A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World. |
| Enclosure Movement | An English movement that occurred in the late 1500s n which serfs were thrown off of the land of the lords and became (fence) enclosed space for new agricultural endeavors. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | 1619. First elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the New World. |
| Gullah | combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony. |
| Barbados Slave Code | The Barbados slave code of 1661 denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters virtually complete control over their laborers. |
| Yeoman | Man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer. |
| Primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth. |
| Indentured Servitude | The system of temporary servitude, where young men and women bound themselves to masters for fixed terms of servitude (four to five years), in exchange for passage to America, food and shelter. This method of labor was one of the largest elements of colonial population in America. |
| Stono Rebellion | The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go. |
| George and Cecilius Calvert | Founders of Maryland colony |
| Glorious Revolution | In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. |
| Restoration | The return of a constitutional monarchy to Great Britain in 1660 under Charles II. |
| Anglo-Powhatan Wars | Series of wars between the English and Powhatan Indians, led to the marriage between Rolfe and Pocahontas; Indians failed to dislodge English; were barred from lands. |
| "The Elect" | Puritans that had a conversion experience, "elected" by God to go to heaven. |
| Patroonship | Large plantation-type farm established by the Dutch along the Hudson River in the 1600s. |
| Predestination | The belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power. |
| Quitrent | An anuual rent or tax paid by settlers to the lord proprietors for land guaranteed by them. |
| "Visible Saints" | A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in New England during the 1600's. |
| "Doctrine of a Calling" | The Puritan's belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to do worldly work. Their spiritual intensity caused them to do God's work on earth. |
| Pequot War | An armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe. The result was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day Southern New England. |
| Anti-nomianism | The theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture). |
| Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. |
| Separatists | Sub-group of the Puritans who vowed to break completely with the Church of England. |
| Calvinism | Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state. |
| Dominion of New England | 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. |
| Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. |
| Navigation Laws | In the 1660's England restricted the colonies; They couldn't trade with other countries. The colonies were only allowed to trade with England. |
| "Glorious Revolution" | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. |
| "General Court" | A Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's. |
| "Protestant Ethic" | Sociological term used to define the Calvinist belief in hard work to illustrate selection in elite group. |
| Bible Commonwealth | Name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints. |
| Quakers | English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, and under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania. |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. |
| Fundamental Orders | The constitution of the Connecticut River colony drawn up in 1639, it established a government controlled in democratic style by the "substantial" citizens. |
| New England Confederation | 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies. |
| Slave Codes | Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights |
| Jeremiads | Sermons in which the clergy berated the people for failing to preserve the idealism of the region's founding generation. |
| Middle Passage | The route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade |
| Headright System | Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |
| Leisler's Rebellion | 1689 - When King James II was dethroned and replaced by King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of New York rebelled and made Jacob Leiser, a militia officer, governor of New York. Leisler was hanged for treason when royal authority was reinstated in 1691, but the representative assembly which he founded remained part of the government of New York. |
| Halfway Covenant | A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations. |
| Great Awakening | Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. |
| Rack Renting | A system practiced by landlords to squeeze as many tenants as possible onto a property in order to gain the most profit |
| Scots-Irish | A group of restless people who fled their home in Scotland in the 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. They first relocated to Ireland and then to America in the 1700s. They left their mark on the backcountry of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. These areas are home to many Presbyterian churches established by the Scots-Irish. |
| Regulator Movement | (1764-1771) Uprising in North Carolina, lower class citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials who took advantage of the system. |
| "Old and New Lights" | In the early 1700's, old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary. New lights were the more modern- thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening. These conflicting opinions changed certain denominations, helped popularize missionary work and assisted in the founding educational centers now known as Ivy League schools |
| Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa |
| John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. |
| King Philip's War | 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. |
| Peter Zenger | (October 26, 1697 - July 28, 1746) was a German-born American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City. His indictment, trial and acquittal on sedition and libel charges against the Governor William Cosby of the New York Colony in 1735[1] were important contributing factors to the development of freedom of the press in America. The Zenger decision helped clarify the beliefs of early Colonial life and lay the groundwork for the responsibilities of both media and government in a functioning democracy. |
| Restoration | A movement that re-established the British monarchy in 1660. |
| Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. |
| Huguenots | French Protestants influenced by John Calvin |
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