| Term | Definition |
|---|
| chromatin | location: nuclear matrix. structure: fine strands of DNA and protein. function: regions of DNA with information used to direct cell activities. |
| lysosome | location: cytosol. structure: spherical, enclose hydrolytic enzymes, single membrane. function: digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, RNA, old organelles and viruses/ bacteria. ANIMAL CELL. |
| leucoplast | location: cytosol. structure: contains own DNA, double membrane. function: stores starches, proteins and lipids. PLANT CELL. |
| chloroplast | location: cytosol. structure: contain own DNA, double membrane. function: contain chlorophil which absorbs light to provide energy for photosynthesis. PLANT CELL. |
| chromoplast | location: cytosol. structure: contain own DNA, double membrane. function: contains pigments which give color to flowers, fruits and leaves. PLANT CELL. |
| vacuole (animal cell) | location: spaces within cell that are empty of cytoplasm. structure: contains protein, air, water, carbohydrates and other nutrients. function: contains nutrients necessary for cell to grow and reproduce. |
| vacuole (plant cell) | location: large space in the middle of cell. structure: contains water, air and nutrients. function: has ability to take in water and firm cells, stores enzymes and waste. |
| nuclear envelope | location: surrounds nucleous. structure: double membrane, perforated with holes. function: controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. |
| Golgi apparatus | location: cytosol. structure: system of membranes, series of flattened sacs. function: process and package produced substances, work with rough endoplasmic reticulum to modify proteins for exportation. |
| ribosome (free) | location: cytosol. structure: spherical, no membrane, made of protein and RNA. function: synthesizes proteins to be used within cytosol. |
| ribosome (attached) | location: attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. structure: spherical, no membrane, made of protein and RNA. function: synthesizes proteins to be exported or used in membrane. |
| endoplasmic reticulum (rough) | location: cytosol. structure: system of membranous tubules and sacs, covered in ribosomes. function: intercellular highway, path alongwhich molecules move, synthesizes proteins. |
| endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) | location: cytosol. structure: system of membranous tubules and sacs. function: intercellular highway, path alongwhich molecules move, synthesizes steroids, regulates calcium and breaks down toxic substances. |
| centrioles | location: cytosol, in pairs with one perpendicular to the other. structure: made up of a ring of nine groups of microtubules, 3 fused microtubules in a group. function: form spindle fibers which separate chromosomes during cell division. |
| cell membrane | location: covers the cell. structure: depends on function cell perfoms, composed of proteins and lipids. function: controls which substances pass in and out of the cell. |
| cytoplasm | location: between cell membrane and nucleus. structure: composed of cytosol and cytoskeleton. funtion: cytosol bathes organelles, cytoskeleton maintains shape of cell and helps organelles move. |
| cilia/ flagella | location: extend from surface of cell. structure: short + numerous = cilia, long + few = flagella. function: assist in movement. |
| microfilaments | location: make up the cytoskeleton. structure: made of actin protein, polymers that are helically intertwined into filaments. function: contribute to internal architecture of cell, important component of cytoskeleton. |
| mitochondrion | location: cytosol. structure: double membrane- smooth outer membrane is a barrier between cytosol; inner membrane has christaie that enlarge surface area. function: site of chemical reactions that transfer energy from food compounds to ATP. |
| nucleus | location: cytosol. structure: double membrane, spherical. function: stores DNA, copies RNA for protein synthesis. |
| nucleolus | location: inside nucleus. structure: spherical, peach pit to the nucleus. function: site of ribosome synthesis. |
| cell wall | location: outside of cell membrane. structure: long chain of cellulose embedded in proteins and carbohydrates. function: provides support and protection to cell. PLANT CELLS or BACTERIA. |
| nuclear matrix | location: inside nucleus. structure: protein skeleton. function: maintains shape of nucleus. |
| chromosome | location: inside nucleus of a dividing cell. structure: rod shaped, made of DNA and RNA. function: involved in reproduction, carry hereditary information. |
| microtubules | location: cytoskeleton, near nucleus but extend to cell membrane. structure: made of tubulin protein, linear polymers form hollow tubes. function: form spindle fibers in dividing cells which aid in the movement of chromosomes. |
Combine with other sets
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