| Term | Definition |
| mAmp | milliamp |
| mg | milligram |
| um | micrometer |
| mL | milliliter |
| mm | millimeter |
| M | mole, molar |
| mM | millimoles |
| uM | micromole |
| uM/L | micromolar per liter |
| mM/L | millimolar per liter |
| MRI | magnetic resonance image |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| MS | mass spectrometer |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet(s) |
| NaCl | salt |
| NaOH | sodium hydroxide |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| nm | nanometer |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| OD | optical density |
| PA | practical applications |
| PAGE | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| pDNA | plasmid DNA |
| PE | possible errors |
| pH | potential for hydrogen atoms or acid/base level; the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in water |
| ppm | parts per million |
| psi | pounds of pressure per square inch |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
| QA | Quality Assurance |
| QC | Quality Control |
| RA | research associate |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| R&D | Research and Development |
| rDNA | recombinant DNA |
| REE | Results with Evidence and Explanation |
| rpm | revolutions per minute |
| RFLPs | restriction fragment length polymorphisms |
| R-group | side chains of amino acids; R is used in molecular formulas to indicate a nonspecified side chain |
| rhInsulin | recombinant human insulin |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RNAi | RNA interference |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
| SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| siRNA | short-interfering RNA |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| STE | Salt/TRIS/EDTA |
| TBE buffer | TRIS, boric acid, and EDTA |
| TE buffer | TRIS/EDTA |
| TEM | transmission electron microscope |
| t-PA | tissue plasminogen activator |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| USDA | US Department of Agriculture |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| VIS | visible spectrum (light) |
| VNTR | variable number of tandem repeats |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| YAC | yeast artificial chromosome |